海絲路·文化·軟實力

隨著“一帶一路”文化合作倡議建成顯學，“軟實力” （Soft Power）也備受關注。

美國學人約瑟夫·奈（Joseph Nye）在國際關系研究中率先提出此概念；他認為，一個具有軟實力的國家享有柔性的國際影響力，其所倡導或奉行的價值理念、政策戰略與制度安排等，將獲得他國自願認同與配合；在國際事務中無須通過軍事或經濟等強制方式也能贏得支持。

北婆羅洲鄉土攝影家劉富威作品《2013年沙巴豐收節》

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Comment by Dokusō-tekina aidea on February 2, 2024 at 7:38pm: Najib Tun Abdul Razak (Sin Chew Jit Poh 2016) announced that as of 1st March until 31st December 2016, tourists from China do not need to obtain visas in order to visit Malaysia. The Prime Minister hoped that a comprehensive strategic relationship with China will be strengthened and thus not only become more productive but also more successful.

In the meantime, the Chinese government is also actively promoting the Muslim Tour Program
in China which is organised by China Radio International (CRI), in order to attract Malaysians
to visit the country. The Muslim tour package reassures Malaysians on the halal status of the food
provided by the organisers since China also has a large Muslim community of 22 million citizens.
Based on the 2015 China Religion Survey, Islam had the youngest followers whereby 22.4 percent
of them were under the age of 30 (The International Business Times 2015).

As the world’s economic giant, China has taken the initiative to revive the silk roads and maritime
routes through their ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. China plans to build and connect their railways
to East Asian countries and is working hard to encourage more neighbouring countries to improve
their port structures in order to proceed with their maritime Silk Road mission. From China, the route
is expected to span the entire globe to Europe, Africa, the Arab countries, and Southeast Asia. The
idea to develop one economic belt and road came from President Xi Jinping in 2013, who viewed
it as a symbol of trust, unity and cooperation to create a win-win situation for all parties. Malaysia,
along with other ASEAN countries, were of the view that many globalisation challenges had arisen
and will continue to affect the socioeconomic and sociocultural growth process in both countries. Its
impact will be felt in various aspects of two-way relationships, including in the ASEAN context.
However, Malaysia’s Deputy Prime Minister Zahid Hamidi is optimistic that Malaysia holds an important role as a gateway to ASEAN that can balance the global trade flow with China (The Malay
Mail Online 2016).

Therefore, China views Southeast Asian countries as viable gateways to this maritime route who will share in the benefits and economic prosperity resulting from the efforts they have in plan. The Secretary General of the China Foundation for Peace and Development (CFPD),Xu Zhensui, announced in his speech that China is offering Shenzhen as a future global trade window.

LITERATURE: The Great Story Continues

ARCH: The Friendship Glows

PARK: The Cultural & Creative Hub

愛墾慕課·文創篇

Comment by Dokusō-tekina aidea on January 31, 2024 at 3:03pm: According to Xu, history has proven that China was a trade force and not a colonising force, and so more large cities should mirror Shenzhen. Following that, the President of The Asian Strategy & Leadership Institute (ASLI) Malaysia, Mirzan Mahathir, commented that China’s approach was a project to ‘Prosper the Neighbour’. He stated that, “In order to ensure the success of this aspiration, the plan must be understood by all of China’s neighbouring countries so that they too may share the same aspirations.” He also added that from the business point of view, participating countries must reap direct benefits through steps such as creating more work opportunities and reducing trade restrictions in order to ensure the viability of global free trade (Utusan Malaysia 2015).

Thailand’s former Prime Minister Dr. Bhokin Bhalakula on the other hand, suggested that this plan be included in discussions among ASEAN countries in order to create a sense of trust that could promote solidarity amongst member countries. He stated that only by doing so can China and ASEAN work on their own Free Trade Agreements framework as the plan involved a huge investment in order to develop transportation infrastructures, financial cooperation, risk management, and maritime collaboration (Utusan Malaysia 2015).

CONCLUSION

Malaysia’s history of friendship with China goes a long way back and was first founded over 600 years ago during the time of the Malacca Sultanate. The Sino-Malaysian cultural exchange was developed out of the trade between China and India on the route between these two ancient civilisations. It was during that time that the sultanate forged strong relations with China and eventually turned to China for protection against the kingdom of Siam and Majapahit. Hence, the diplomatic relation formed between the two countries after World War II in 1974 was in fact a continuation of the long standing relationship from hundreds of years before. This friendship was forged upon solidarity, understanding and respect from the highest of ranks down to the everyday folks. Tun Abdul Razak’s initiative to reestablish relations with China was then continued by subsequent Prime Ministers as a result of its success and benefits to Malaysia. Various issues and agreements in various sectors were formed in order to boost both countries’ economic growth. It is the hope of both countries that the ties that bind Malaysia and China will remain steadfast in the years to come and that many new collaborations will be formed for the economic wellbeing and prosperity of both countries. Perhaps the tragedy of MH370 will become a lesson that could increase the collaboration between Malaysia and China in the aviation, safety, and deep sea rescue sector.

（Ku Boon Dar, 2016, Preserving the Cultural Bond towards Strengthening Sino-Malaysian Friendship ，International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation [Iman] 4[3], 2016: 87 – 96 [http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/IMAN-2016-0403-09])

延續閱讀：

文化特區專綫

我们這樣走過歷史

Comment by Dokusō-tekina aidea on July 12, 2023 at 7:26pm: 曹林·作爲一種文化資本的評論表達

摘要：在社交媒體和大衆傳播的媒介化語境中，善於表達自己觀點的人更有優勢。

評論作爲新聞職業的核心素養，在塑造“多面手”和“快槍手”上起到了訓練作用。其實，評論不只是新聞職業的核心資本，也是一個人立足於社會可通用的文化資本。

從法國哲學家德布雷的媒介學的角度看，我們今天遠遠不只是在使用作爲外物的媒介，而是身心都已經沉浸到媒介域中，成爲媒介化的人。一個人社會化的過程，就是媒介化的過程。我們通過朋友圈、微博、抖音表達和交流，獲取信息，闡釋觀點。而在社交媒體和大衆傳播的媒介化語境中，善於表達自己觀點的人更有優勢。

無論你從事什麼職業，評論能力都會成爲你的競爭優勢。功利地説，諸多考試涉及評論冩作。高考作文是冩一篇評論（議論文），研究生考試要冩評論，公務員考試要冩評論，很多單位的招聘考題往往也有評論，因爲評論最能考察一個人的綜合素養。在一家單位，文章冩得好，善於在公開場合表達自己，是一種優勢。評論冩作也能養活自己，當下自媒體的內容創業，基本上集中在評論冩作領域。

我從2002年開始冩評論，至今已快20年。我一直以爲受我評論影響最大的應該是學新聞的大學生，很多聽過我講座的大學生説是看了我的評論後才選擇新聞這個行業並進入媒體的。評論能影響一個年輕人，甚至能影響他的擇業，是一件多歡喜的事啊。

沒想到，比新聞專業學生關注我評論更多的，竟然是高中生。我的公號“吐槽青年”評論區裡有一些有關的留言，讓我覺得很驕傲。一位叫“子夜雪花”的家長留言説：“曹老師，今天我是專門來感謝你的。閨女是18屆的高考考生，高三第一學期接觸到您的公衆號，我每天打印出來給她看，她的議論文進步很快，今年高考語文121分，考上福大建築學，真心感謝。”還有一位叫“荳芽湯”的家長説：“‘子夜雪花’的孩子是2018年高考生，進福大，我孩子也是，進了福大電氣工程及自動化專業。我的孩子也是聽老師建議關注曹老師，關注時事、分析冩作結構，今年高考語文131分，好像是市裡語文最好的，我也要感謝曹老師。”（以上兩段評論引自我的公號“吐槽青年”文章後的留言，見2018年10月公號評論）

Comment by Dokusō-tekina aidea on July 12, 2023 at 7:26pm: 大連一所最好的中學，幾位語文老師也在向學生推薦讀我冩的那些評論。我聽一個在行業內很有聲望的語文特級老師講，她所在的語文組專門做過對比試驗，讓高一一個班的學生讀我的評論，跟高二一個沒讀的班作比較，讀過的那個班，作文和語文成績有明顯的提高，同題作文下，讀過的高一班，水平明顯高於沒有讀過的高二班。

我知道，我的評論沒有那麼神，對冩作無法起到立竿見影的效果，但有兩點對學生是有幫助的，其一是刺激他們多訓練，很多話題激活他們的表達衝動，活絡他們的思維；其二是開闊他們的視野，讓他們的眼睛從應試課本中抬起，多關注時事和社會，訓練觀察同一時事的不同視角。高考作文，考察的也正是快速流暢的冩作能力和開放敏銳的思維。

當然，這絶不只是“術”的層面，而事關邏輯和思維的訓練。一般人會認爲理解了才能表達出來，而英國哲學家懷特海認爲，不是先理解而後表達，表達就是一種理解，表達出來了，才説明真正理解了。所以我的評論冩作理論會更多訴諸邏輯和思維的訓練。當一個人思維和邏輯清晰了，評論表達自然不會成爲問題。

《時評冩作十六講》是我在北京大學和中國人民大學近10年評論教學的梳理，各章節基本按一個學期16節課的內容安排，在結構和內容上與2012年出版的《時評冩作十講》有很大的不同。經過近10年的沉淀，我對新聞評論冩作的一些想法更加制統和成熟，特別是我在經歷博士階段的學術訓練後，更注重對理論的梳理和冩作規律的提煉。比如我在這本書裡針對構思提煉了“抓手論”“身材論”和“冩作的基準線理論”，並把一些學術理論應用到冩作過程中，比如佈迪厄的“誤識理論”、闡釋學中的“陌生化理論”、社會學的“框架理論”。藉助這些理論工具發掘評論的不同角度，讓作爲緘默知識“不可言傳”的評論經驗成爲一種可以教、可以學習、可以積累的顯學，成爲一種經過訓練可以得到提昇的學問。（作者爲中國青年報編委；2019-12-02；來源：青年記者）

陳明發博士〈TikTok年代：刷亮華團品牌路徑圖〉

Jeffrey M. O’Brien·TikTok經濟時代

抖音里的神話

新文科

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認識書院

 一點財經·小紅書經濟學（上）

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Comment by Dokusō-tekina aidea on January 19, 2023 at 9:43pm: HORIZON-CL2-2023-HERITAGE-01-02:
Cultural and creative industries for a sustainable climate transition

Action type: Research and Innovation Actions
Opening date: 14 December 2022
Closing time: 14 March 2023 17:00 (Europe/Brussels)
Budget per project: € 4 000 000 of total € 12 000 000
Estimated number of projects funded: 3

Scope

The cultural and creative industries (CCIs) are an important source of growth and job creation in the European economy. Moreover, the CCIs play a key role in shaping culture, values and perceptions across the European Union and beyond. Thus, the role of the CCIs in achieving the European Union’s climate transition objectives is crucial.

At the same time, the CCIs are characterised by a large and diverse number of chiefly small and micro enterprises, as well as by hefty differences across geographical and sectorial divides. Large parts of the CCIs, thus, lack the capacity to take the necessary measures to adapt to and thrive under the climate transition, not to speak of driving this transition.

Specific approaches are therefore needed to enable Europe’s CCIs to develop their full potential to support a sustainable climate transition.

Comment by Dokusō-tekina aidea on January 19, 2023 at 9:42pm: Proposals should provide for developing and validating an economically sustainable model, or a portfolio of approaches, that address this challenge. A suitable set of CCI sector(s) or/and cross-sectoral issues should be selected to focus on, which allow significant impacts to be achieved.

The approach(es) developed should address the adoption of new sustainable business models, including the use of new technologies and possibly the development or adaption of new technological solutions, as well as gaps in skills and capacities. The proposed models should be valid across different Member States/Associated Countries (where appropriate including regions), and address the needs of small, micro as well as larger companies. Different Member States/Associated Countries should therefore be involved, as well as a wide set of stakeholders including concerned policymakers, in order to ensure that solutions developed are effective and realistic.

Solutions may involve the use of platforms or networks to facilitate sharing investments, facilities or competencies among several companies or across sectors. In such cases, established platforms, networks or clusters for CCIs should be taken into account, to avoid duplication of efforts.
Remarks

Projects should contribute to all of the following expected outcomes:

• Enhanced and updated understanding of the challenges and opportunities for the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) in relation to a sustainable climate transition.

• Research and knowledge-based approach(es) on how innovative business models, including use of new technology, can make Europe’s CCIs true drivers of a sustainable climate transition.

• Significant contributions to help European CCIs become better prepared to adapt to and contribute to the climate transition in line with the 2030 goals spelled out under a European Green Deal. (https://ec.europa.eu)

Note:

Proposals should build on existing knowledge, activities and networks, notably the ones funded by the European Union. Furthermore, links should be established and synergies sought with closely related actions, such as relevant R&I actions funded by Horizon Europe or Horizon 2020. In particular, when appropriate cooperation with projects funded under the topic ‘Cultural and creative industries for a sustainable climate transition’ of the Horizon Europe Cluster 2 2024 calls should be sought. (source: https://www.timemachine.eu)

The ten pillars of sustainable digital transformation, as presented in the World Economic Forum playbook

Comment by Dokusō-tekina aidea on October 12, 2022 at 11:35pm: Malaysia Design Development Centre (DDEC)

Ditubuhkan pada tahun 2007, DDEC adalah pusat sehenti reka bentuk pilihan usahawan Malaysia. Sehingga kini, DDEC telah banyak membantu usahawan Malaysia memperkukuhkan imej syarikat serta produk dan perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan, melalui pelbagai solusi kreatif.

Dengan 14 tahun pengalaman dalam industri dan barisan pereka berpengalaman dari pelbagai bidang, DDEC menawarkan pengalaman reka bentuk yang dinamik, inovatif dan lestari untuk pelanggan kami dari pelbagai sektor, melalui solusi kreatif yang lengkap. Malah, DDEC adalah pusat sehenti reka bentuk terpilih dalam kalangan usahawan Malaysia untuk ke peringkat yang lebih tinggi.（https://ddec.my/）

Comment by CERI on October 12, 2022 at 11:13pm: 雷小華：中國文化在RCEP合作中如何展現「美美與共」？

地緣相近的中國與東盟各國，在日益緊密的交流合作中，雙邊文化相互交融，你中有我，我中有你。風味獨特的東盟美食通過廣西憑祥口岸「飄香」中國各地，預包裝柳州螺螄粉等中國美食亦在東盟備受歡迎。

為順應《區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定》（RCEP）生效實施，中國—東盟博覽會（簡稱「東博會」）的服務範圍將向RCEP成員國拓展，雙方文化交流愈發密切。在中國與RCEP各國經貿合作日漸緊密的背景下，應如何豐富人文交流，展現文化間「美美與共」？廣西社會科學院東南亞研究所副所長、廣西社會科學院東南亞國別研究創新團隊首席專家雷小華近日接受中新社「東西問」獨家專訪，對此進行解析。

現將訪談實錄摘要如下：

中新社記者：中國—東盟自由貿易區的建成對雙方文化交流產生哪些影響？

雷小華：中國—東盟自由貿易區建成十多年來，中國與東盟90%以上的7000多種商品關稅降為零。這對兒童玩具、廣播影視器材、文化節目以及影視劇、電影、動漫等服務貿易的進出口起到促進作用。

當前，中國對東盟的投資方向，正由傳統的基礎設施領域逐步向旅遊景區、旅遊服務平臺、廣播影視等文化類基礎設施轉變，甚至參與文化類節目和產品製作，這在一定程度上提升了東盟國家文化類基礎設施的建設水平，豐富了東盟國家文化產品。

同時，中國與東盟已互為最主要的旅遊目的地之一。特別是在新冠肺炎疫情暴發前的2019年，中國與東盟雙向人員往來創新高，超過6500萬人次，每周往返於中國和東南亞之間的航班近4500架次，中國赴東盟國家遊客3907萬人次。

隨著文化產品貿易擴大、文化類基礎設施建設水平提升以及人員往來規模迅速增長，中國與東盟文化交融的民意基礎日益夯實。

中新社記者：中國—東盟自貿區的建立，給中國人的餐桌帶來哪些變化？

雷小華：中國的經濟發展和強大的內需市場，特別是構建以國內大循環為主體、國內國際雙循環相互促進的新發展格局，給東盟國家帶來巨大出口機遇，特別是農產品和當季水果。如越南已有9種水果可以出口至中國，正在洽談的還有7種。今年春節期間，泰國的榴蓮、山竹，越南的菠蘿蜜、火龍果以及大量水產品經廣西進入中國市場。

東盟國家物美價廉的商品，不僅豐富了中國消費者的餐桌，而且讓早年比較昂貴的水果價格日益親民，榴槤、山竹、菠蘿蜜等已成為中國普通百姓餐桌上司空見慣的水果。

中新社記者：中國和東盟文化相近相通，這對自貿區建設起到哪些作用？

雷小華：中國與東盟地緣相近、民俗相通，彼此熟悉對方，能用最舒適的方式進行交往，相互猜忌和顧忌較少，有利於提升雙方互信水平，全面推進自貿區框架下全方位高水平的合作。

同時，因為文化相近相通，雙方交流語言障礙不多，溝通起來更加方便、暢通，有利於雙方人員往來和經貿合作。中國與東盟互為第一大旅遊目的地，就得益於此。

此外，文化的相近相通讓雙方彼此熟悉對方風俗習慣，有利於企業在當地市場開展調研，生產或推廣適銷對路的產品，滿足各國消費者的需求，有利於實現開拓對方市場和擴大產品市場占有率的目的。

中新社記者：中國與東盟之間人文交流淵源久遠，雙方以人文交流推動經貿合作的經驗，對RCEP建設有哪些借鑒意義？

一是相互尊重，包容互鑒。中國倡導與鄰為善、以鄰為伴，做相互信任和相互尊重的真誠朋友和戰略夥伴。正是有了相互尊重，中國和東盟之間形成了「和而不同」「求同存異」的局面。中國與東盟國家歷史文化多元包容、各具特色，民間交往源遠流長、歷久彌新，社會各界廣泛參與，交流渠道不斷拓寬，各領域交流密切活躍，民眾往來愈益頻繁，交流特色品牌不斷湧現。「親戚越走越近，朋友越走越親」，這個道理也適用於與RCEP國家的交往合作。

二是充分發揮華僑華人的橋梁和紐帶作用。東盟國家有大量華僑華人，他們不僅推動當地經濟發展，也促進了民眾對中華文化的認知和了解，提升中華文化影響力。

三是不斷夯實民間交往基礎。中國與東盟的教育、旅遊等人文交流具有龐大規模，這些是雙邊關係走深走實的基礎。

Comment by CERI on October 12, 2022 at 11:13pm: 中新社記者：中國和RCEP成員國在經貿文化方面有哪些差異性和互補性？中國文化怎樣才能更好地走向RCEP成員國？如何呈現文化間的「美美與共」？

雷小華：中國與RCEP成員國在政治製度、宗教、意識形態等方面差異性較大。傳播中華文化和文化間「美美與共」，需要各方共同努力。

一是發展更緊密的戰略夥伴關係。在地區形勢日趨複雜、雙邊關係遭到域外國家干涉的情況下，中國應與RCEP國家堅持對話合作的大方向不動搖，以真誠溝通促進理解信任，以求同存異妥善處理分歧爭議；加強高層交流、接觸、政策溝通，擴大各層級互訪，促進治理經驗分享，確保東亞合作的可持續性發展。

二是以更包容的心態看待彼此文化差異。正確看待和尊重彼此文化差異，兼容並蓄，相互欣賞對方的優秀文化；針對不同國家、受眾群體，根據政治體製、文化背景、風俗習慣、宗教信仰等分出多個層次，製定「一國一策」；加強文化產業合作，鼓勵文化產業包容性發展。

三是加強市場調研，開發滿足消費者需求的文化產品。正因有差異性，才要加強市場調研，充分了解各國民族習慣和消費習慣，針對不同國家量身定做出適銷對路的產品，例如用更多本地推廣平臺和代言人進行文化產品的宣傳推廣。

中新社記者：廣西南寧舉行的東博會，是促成中國和東盟文化交往和文化貿易的「南寧渠道」。RCEP生效實施後，東博會服務範圍將向RCEP拓展，未來南寧是否會成為中國和RCEP成員國文化交融的中心？

雷小華：未來，南寧可在中國和RCEP成員國文化交融中發揮重要作用。

一是用好中國—東盟博覽會的平臺功能。推動平臺從服務中國—東盟「10+1」向服務RCEP成員國拓展，開辟服務貿易專題展區，進一步擴大文化貿易規模，提升對文化類基礎設施投資建設的水平。

二是積極實施高層對話平臺提升行動。承辦好中國與RCEP國家建交周年紀念活動，鞏固與RCEP成員國的「朋友圈」，辦好中國—東盟文化論壇、中國—東盟博覽會文化展、中國—東盟博覽會動漫遊戲展等多邊活動，並將其擴展到RCEP成員國，為促進中國與RCEP國家的人文交流發揮積極作用。

三是進一步深化人文交流。繼續舉辦「東盟文化周」、美麗中國等文化交流品牌活動；在鞏固傳統人文交流基礎上，拓展科技合作、公共衛生合作、環保合作、國際減貧合作、數字經濟合作等新領域。

四是提升廣西面向RCEP成員國的國際傳播能力。通過創新傳播方式和內容，努力將中國故事、中國形象經南寧渠道傳播到RCEP國家，讓更多民眾了解全面、立體、生動的中國。（中國自由貿易區服務網/文章來源: 中國新聞網 2022-03-17））

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