文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
三、詩性空間象征意義的蛻變
事實上.隨著以工業技術為核心動力的社會的全面發展。作為生產力基礎之上的意識形態開始產生了超乎傳統思維的本質變化,這種變化同樣如影隨形地發生在文藝領域。傳統的所謂「詩性空間」也已無形中出現了大規模的「逆叛」。綜合起來,主要表現為文藝生產者的審美心態的轉變,當然,這一轉變同樣發生在普通大眾懾於生產力作用下的思維變化。在變化方向上卻如同安逸的平庸人性一樣,文藝的審美同樣喪失…
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(續上)「詩性空間」與創作主體之間的互動關係並非是單純的一方作用於另一方的關係,而是彼此之間時刻處於相互作用的過程。一方面「詩性空間」源於創作主體基於潛意識的虛構和營造— — 這種行為往往是非刻意人為的.具有先驗性和原始性—— 在宏大磅礴的故事建構中作為「精彩的瞬間」以一種平淡的方式漸人其中。為創作主體在故事建構體中提供真實而隱秘的棲息場所。因此,在對文藝作品進行深入地品鑒時.客觀上需要鑒賞者憑借自身的藝術修養敏銳地意識並察覺到此類棲息場所,並為之投注巨大的情思…
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(續上)可以說這一情節很大一部分功勞要算在丫鬟嬌杏的身上,盡管這只是作者本人的虛構,但在寫作動機的考察上也足以說明此時此刻是在營造一個短暫的「世外桃源」式的理想化的審美境界,這正是文藝的力量和意義所在。「最廣義的『情節』也可以包括情緒在人心中的運動」[3](哪此外,僅就這一情景的虛構本身也可以從中發現一些審美意識特征之外的其他東西,如果通過對比則更容易達到這一目的。從文本的客觀描述可以獲知.、丫鬟嬌杏雖然在從事擷花的行為,但這一行為所帶來的美感很快隨著她對賈雨村的功利性評價很大程度上被削弱。再次墜入到世俗觀念之中。也可從中看出、丫鬟嬌杏絕非如那擷花行為一般的優美而無功利,這一點可以從她對賈雨村的評價隱約看出。「雖是貧窘,然生得圓背厚,面闊口方;更兼劍眉星眼,直鼻權腮⋯ ⋯每有意幫助周濟。只是沒甚機會⋯⋯怪道又說他必非久困之人」。[2](p10-11)…
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(續上)這一效果在本質上所起的作用無疑是將情景的敘述推向一種夢境的理想化的詩意狀態—— 依托「窗」這一道具達到極致審美的另一個典型即是森歐外小說《雁》中關於主人公岡田與小玉的描述。隨著描述的筆端從賈雨村平移至丫鬟嬌杏,從而生成了關於情景描述的第二個隱喻性的特征。即脫離世俗觀念局限的平等、自由的審美境界,也可以說是審美的純粹性。具體而言。一方面身為地位卑微的邊角角色的嬌杏不僅在封閉、獨立、自由的時空罅隙裏徹底獲得了表達自我的主動權,與此同時,她那正從事的擷花的行為完完全全賦予了她的靈魂短暫性的自由與優美。可以說這一情節很大一部分功勞要算在、r鬟嬌杏的身上,盡管這只是作者本人的虛構,但在寫作動機的考察上也足以說明此時此刻是在營造一個短暫的「世外桃源」式的理想化的審美境界,這正是文藝的力量和意義所在。「最廣義的『情節』也可以包括情緒在人心中的運動」[3](哪…
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[摘要】文藝的審美表現力某種意義上需要依靠詩性空間來實現。詩性空間對於文藝創作實踐、審美意識形態研究具有的重要意義需要得到重視和挖掘。詩性空間本身的豐富內涵及其與文本特征、主觀體驗之間的互動關係需要更為細致而深刻地理解和闡述。隨著審美觀念的變化,詩性空間的功能意義及其審美體驗出現了不同於以往的普遍現象.呈現出更為隱晦、病態的蛻變危機,從而從本質上深刻影響了當下文藝作品的審美特征。
某種意義上,由行為、特征、場景等構成的文本細節就其本身而言並無特別寓意,但若從主觀創作角度或客觀文本進行考察,往往能從中體驗到特殊而神秘的審美內涵,以有別於主觀性的依托文本傳遞審美意味的方式呈現出獨立的審美的「詩性空間」。從生成的角度來看「詩性空間」可大致分為如下代表性的幾類。…
Added by Khalak Khalayak on March 30, 2023 at 8:30am — No Comments
Hichborn Middle School
Howland, ME
As a part of their physical education and health classes, middle school students learn how to use GPS units and mapping software to create maps of local snowmobile trails. The old maps were dangerously vague. New maps produced by students include written descriptions, and are distributed for public use.
Field Study Program Design Project
Goodwill-Hinckley Homes for Boys & Girls/L.C. Bates…
Added by Khalak Khalayak on March 29, 2023 at 10:09am — No Comments
Chimney Swift Homes
Linworth Alternative Program
Worthington, OH
High school students plan and construct a nesting tower for chimney swifts that frequent a communal roost in the school's chimney. Students study the natural history of chimney swifts through direct observation, research, and communication with experts around the world. After construction, students monitor nesting activity and contribute data to the North American Chimney Swift Nest Site…
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STAR School
As part of an independent science project, a student at STAR school, a charter school just outside of Flagstaff, Arizona studied seed corn. He compared traditional indigenous seeds with commercial seeds. He discovered that the heirloom seeds had better germination rates and contained more nutrients. He went on to win a regional science fair contest. As part of the daily academic curriculum, he and his fellow Navajo students continuously explore the region,…
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VT FEED: On the Trail of the Potato Puff
Waitsfield School
Waitsfield, Vermont
In an effort to purchase local food for the cafeteria, connect school children with community members and the local landscape, and enrich the curriculum with hands-on activities, Waitsfield School joined forces with Vermont FEED. Students used hands-on activities and field trips to a local mine and quarry to learn how geologic forces shaped the mountainous landscape and…
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New Hampshire Forest for Every Classroom
A Forest for Every Classroom (FFEC) is a year-long professional development series for middle and high school educators, aimed at providing the inspiration, knowledge and skills required to transform classroom teaching into effective and exciting place-based education. Teachers develop their own units to increase student literacy skills and foster student understanding of -- and appreciation for -- the forested lands in their…
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Place-based Education Evaluation Collaborative. 2010.
This 6-page brochure summarizes evaluation data from six place-based education programs representing more than 100 schools (rural, suburban, and urban) covering twelve states.The body of evidence reflects more than 1,000 adult interviews or focus group participants; more than 250…
Added by Khalak Khalayak on March 16, 2023 at 10:00am — No Comments
Place-based education may sound like a neat concept, but does it work? How do teachers, struggling to meet state standards and the test-based rigors of modern education, justify place-based education to administrators, or vice versa? What do students and teachers actually gain? And how do you create high quality professional development opportunities, programs or…
Added by Khalak Khalayak on March 15, 2023 at 10:00am — No Comments
注釋:
① 大衛·西蒙在文章《居住位置和存在的區位:朝人文主義地理學的一次回歸》(Lived Emplacement and the Locality of Being)中認為,1970年代對人文主義地理學發展貢獻最大的五位學者分別是:Ann Buttimer,David Ley,Marwyn Samuels,Yi-fu Tuan,和Edward Relph。
② 大衛·西蒙等在2015年的論文《人文主義地理學》(Humanistic Geography)中認為,1970—1978年是地理學人文主義流派最重要成果湧現的時期,並認為其中有10篇文獻最為核心,包括:1)An inquiry into the relations between phenomenology and geography (Edward Relph, 1970);2)Geography, phenomenology, and the study of human nature (Yi-fu Tuan, 1971);3)The black…
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6 餘論
段義孚曾在 《論人文地理學》(On Human Geography)一文裏,談到自己的研究所采取的基本出發點之一便是「文化作為一種想像力的產物」[36]。何為想像力,康德曾言:「想像力是即便對象不在場也在直觀中表象對象的能力」[37];段義孚同樣認為,想像力是一種天賦的、能看見不存在事物的一種能力,因為人類總是不會滿足已有的東西;人類正是通過想像,在混亂的大自然中創造出人化的秩序,將大自然殘酷的現實,徹底改造為人文化小世界的真實[36]。
因此,人類想像中的理念 (理想)…
Added by Khalak Khalayak on March 5, 2023 at 11:30am — No Comments
段義孚始終認為,西方城市的郊區化與新城建設運動的內在機理,均在於人們對理想生存環境的追求。這與從技術革新與製造業成本優勢導致的郊區化與新城建設運動的解釋不同,比如城市經濟地理學家奧沙利文 (O'Sullivan) 的解釋就代表了後一種立場,在此不贅述。…
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而古人對生存環境的建造也在整體空間結構中去回應宇宙(天堂) 的永恒秩序。同時,循環的時間是古人所具有的時間觀。但是,現代化的進程卻將整個人類拋向了一個在時間上矢量化的美好未來,空間壓縮為平面。這樣,垂直、超驗的空間感被消滅,宇宙被祛魅,而經驗的、水平的空間感知凸顯了出來,他說:「古人生活在一個垂直的、旋回的、有很多像徵意義的世界裏;而現代人的世界更加寬廣化、平面化、底壓頂、無旋回、重美學而不重神靈。」[7]因此,人類建造的城市就從像徵永恒秩序的天堂彼岸世界,轉向了看似無限可能的世俗此岸世界。…
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當圓形與方形的城市與階層觀念相結合,就與同心環的空間結構對應起來。在《戀地情結》裏,希羅多德筆下的埃克巴坦那城 (Ecbatana) 就是一個典型的例子。該城位於山丘上,由七道同心環狀的城墻所圍成。從中心到外圍,地勢不斷降低。國王與貴族居住在最內圈,隨著社會階層不斷降低,人口數量不斷增加的居民則依次向外居住在不同的圈層裏,於是「七道環狀的城墻就構成了上升的階梯,像徵階序性的宇宙」[7]。
向心的圓形與方形城市結構在不同時期、不同地域裏反復出現。書中,段義孚列舉了大量案例:在古代,包括亞特蘭蒂斯、古波斯的波斯波利斯 (Persepolis)、伊斯蘭最大的圓形城市—薩拉姆的麥地那 (老巴格達)…
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5 城市本體論
5.1城市理念
城市理念 (city ideal) 是段義孚在《戀地情結》裏著墨最多的論題,是他城市本體論思想的核心內涵。段義孚對城市理念的論述是從城市發生學的角度展開的,他說:「倘若追溯城市生活最古老、最原始的核心,我們看到的不是一個市場或一座軍事要塞,而只會看見某個世界超自然創造的理念」,「凡是城市化獨立出現的地方,其前身往往是一個有聲望的儀式中心」[7]。…
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「原型」英文裏的「arche-」是「最初」、「起始」的意思,它與形式相關聯。在西方古典神學與哲學中,「原型」、「上帝形象」等被當成物質世界的精神本源。即在這個物質世界產生以前作為本源的精神就已預先存在了,物質世界就是依照精神世界的形式即「原型」演化而來[25]。地理學家約翰斯頓(Johnston R J)指出,深刻影響人文主義地理學發展的理念論的基本原則為:一切現實在某種方式上都是某種精神構築[26]。段義孚所說的經驗的理想模式就是一種先驗的理念存在,它是人類詮釋世界並構建生存環境的重要基礎。…
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理念論最早產生於柏拉圖的思想,認為萬事萬物都有其被創造的原始模型[23]。榮格繼承了柏拉圖的理念論,認為精神分析學派所說的「原型」概念就是柏拉圖哲學中的到欣賞繁復的藝術品,只是為了找到本不屬於這個世界的那個平衡點。」[7,22]這段話是段義孚在著作末尾,從規範性視角做出的總結性回應,指出人類從古至今孜孜以求的「理想環境」(ideal environment) 是「戀地情結」裏理想經驗模式的一種體現。
理想的環境由兩種基本意象所構成:其一,為人類提供安全感,具有哺育功能的意象——純凈的花園 (無罪的伊甸園)(the garden of…
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愛墾網 是文化創意人的窩;自2009年7月以來,一直在挺文化創意人和他們的創作、珍藏。As home to the cultural creative community, iconada.tv supports creators since July, 2009.
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