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Comment by 私貨珍藏 1 hour ago

（續上）當夕陽射出金黃色的餘暉時，白色的城圍就變成火紅[……]「火！」廟祝沒特別為誰說，他在驚歎。他看到成千上萬的白鷺，映著夕陽的紅光，在不知受到甚麼驚擾，一下子紛紛騰空飛起來的樣子，卻變成熊熊的火焰，然後一隻一隻尋找枝頭停息下來的白鷺，又變得像尚未燒盡的紙錢，被氣流沖上天，然後又慢慢飄下來。（頁153-154）

老廟祝又說白鷺鷥不見了以後不久，還有人聽到白鷺鷥鬼一起鼓動翅膀飛起來的聲音，還會看到竹枝被起飛時蹬跳而彈了一陣子的樣子。但現在連鬼也沒有了，「現在甚麼都沒有了。」（頁154） 如果說老廟祝的世界曾經是一個體驗與經驗相吻合的世界，一個生與死、鷺鷥與鷺鷥鬼相接替的世界，那麼現在這個世界也消失了，正如老廟祝本人也會在一周內過世一般。他留下來的不過是小羊想像中的帶有陰影的空白照片。

老廟祝不願給小羊他們講鬼故事，但他自己卻成了後者所追尋的體驗的一種。因為小羊他們無法欣賞老廟祝想像中的火一般飛舞的白鷺鷥，他們只好把老人當作他們審美目標而給他照像。小羊甚至把他拿來當作即興創作鬼故事的素材。從另一個角度來看，老廟祝恰巧在小羊他們去送照片的第二次遠足前一天去世，似乎也是一種反抗，他好像不願留下來看小羊他們

為他照的照片，進而參與現代人對宗教文化的片斷性的，一知半解的利用。他不願成為點綴程式化的現代生活的體驗裝飾品。與其把對白鷺鷥的美好記憶留給城裏人消費，他要把這一切帶去墳墓，帶給永恆。

有趣的是，小羊一行從未對老廟祝所掌管的那座小廟產生興趣，從沒問過該廟是祭甚麼神的，更沒問過該廟在當地的宗教文化生活中扮演甚麼角色。《靈山》的敘事者就不同：他是一個很自覺的採風者，刻意地去觀察和記錄民間宗教和風俗習慣。黃春明筆下的城裏人卻對鄉下人以寺廟宗祠為中心的宗教生活不感興趣。他們最初來是為了拍白鷺鷥，第二次來是為了送照片，第三次來只是為了聽石虎伯講鬼故事。值得疑問的是，為甚麼城裏人那麼喜歡聽鬼故事卻對民間宗教生活及其最重要的組成部分神靈和祖先不聞不問？

人類學家伍爾夫（Author Wolf） 曾寫過一篇有關台灣民間信仰的經典文章2，其主要論點是世俗生活與超現實世界有一種對應關係，具體地說，就是各路神靈無非是世俗世界大大小小的官僚的化身，得敬而遠之；自己的親人去世後則成為需要供奉的祖先；陌生人的魂靈，尤其是暴死的或沒有後人的死者的魂靈就是鬼。 孤魂野鬼會四處遊蕩，尋找替身以便早日超生。鬼崇拜便有一種強烈的驅邪性質，也源於人們對黑暗勢力的既恐懼又仰慕的雙重心理。人們祭鬼既是為了消災免禍，也是為自己招財牟利，因為鬼不受道德牽制，所以往往會比祖先或神更靈。

人類學家魏勒（Robert Weller）指出，在當今台灣社會盛行的鬼崇拜是個人主義和功利主義的折射3。因為從定義上講，鬼本來就是游離於社會關係之外的存在。鬼永遠是孤魂野鬼，不屬於任何社會群體。人們是為了個人利益而不是家庭或社區的利益而拜鬼。鬼是講一報還一報的，會毫不留情地懲罰許了願卻不兌現的人。鬼崇拜是一種金錢換奇跡的市場，一手交錢，一手交貨，無所謂人情的扯扯絆絆。

魏勒認為鬼崇拜是一種社會沙漠化的表現，跟社會學家講到的美國人獨自一人玩保齡球是同一種現象。但是他沒有涉及到的是鬼崇拜也可以成為那些追求真實體驗的人們的魔幻之域。雖然都市生活確實已到了個人主義和商業化的登峰造極的程度，但至少這篇小說裏的年輕人對於鬼的興趣幾乎沒有甚麼功利性質。尤其是這些嘻嘻哈哈的女生們，很難說她們撒冥紙念標語的舉動是在跟鬼魂作交易。而水鬼不過是神怪故事的必備角色而已。年輕人是來聽鬼故事的，而不是來拜鬼的。他們尋求的是一種審美體驗，而不是存在主義意義上的經驗。但是，正因為他們的審美體驗是建立在鄉下人的宗教經驗之上的，也因為他們的樂趣是跟現代化進程中的生態環境的惡化緊密相連的，所以他們自己也就成為非道德的鬼，莫名其妙地來到鄉下，並且總是湊上下傾盆大雨的時候，好像是老天爺遣送的鬼差使，來宣告即將降臨的災難。 難怪石虎伯會心驚膽戰地把他們當作前來索命的水鬼。(李海燕〈宗教的異域，異域的宗教〉，載《二十一世紀》網絡版 二○○八年三月號 總第 72 期；2008年3月31日）

延續閱讀：

「體驗」vs 「經驗」

地方鬼話

鬼故事豈可随便說？

Comment by 私貨珍藏 yesterday

「體驗」vs 「經驗」

中國現代文學以啟蒙為使命，在根本上是反宗教反迷信的。但二十世紀晚期的作家往往又發現宗教具有一種特別的誘惑力，在知識份子與各種他者的相遇中扮演中重要的角色。在西方及拉丁美洲的現代主義潮流的影響下，產生了很多聊齋志異式的現代鬼故事。在這些作品中，怪誕之事往往就發生在城裏人的日常生活中，以揭示啟蒙理性的薄弱環節和陰暗面。所謂的鬼怪到頭來不過是現代人脆弱的、神經質的心理投射而已。但也有一類文學作品把宗教作為農民或少數民族的信仰與實踐來表述。那麼，一個鬧鬼的現代都市與遙遠的充滿神秘色彩的村莊又有甚麼關係呢？

在這裏，我想借用一對德國哲學的概念來分析這一關係。這對概念在德語中是：Erlebnis and Erfahrung，前者指一種相對直覺、神秘、但短期性的、孤立的「體驗」，後者指經過長期累積、比較系統化、有深度意義的「經驗」。德國哲學家諸如伽達默爾，狄爾泰，本雅明等都對這對概念有過深入的探討。比如說，本雅明就認為在現代工業文明和都市化的衝擊下，人們已經無法享有Erfahrung 或經驗。每個人只能有短暫Erlebnis 或體驗，而沒有能力把日常生活中的種種刺激綜合並昇華成為有意義的經驗。現代鬼故事可以說是文學對於經驗的破裂的一種回應，而形形色色的魑魅魍魎就是現代生活中無休止的既帶來快樂、也引起焦慮的種種刺激。 這些鬼怪忽隱忽現，人們卻無法將他們撞鬼的體驗綜合成有意義的經驗。但是，當城裏人來到遙遠偏僻的村莊時，他們會驚奇地發現經驗的可能性。這是因為對於當地
的農民或少數民族來說，宗教仍然是宇宙觀和歷史的一部分，而不僅僅是與個人的存在或心理狀態有關的。宗教雖然受到國家政策及現代化進程的打壓和排擠，但仍然是一種生活方式，人們仍然通過各種儀式和禁忌來與神靈和鬼怪打交通。鬼神們都有他們不同的脾氣和性格，是一個既有的、合理的世界的組成部分，而不是個人心裏潛意識的投射。

在高行健的《靈山》的第49章中，有一段近似於人類學家寫田野報告似的關於一個都市知識份子貼近農村宗教生活的故事。敘事者想用他的筆記本和答錄機保留一絲在國家政策和商業運作的壓力下殘喘而即將消失的生活方式的跡象。到最後，在一個居家道士家目睹了即興的道家儀式表演和一場小型的鄰里狂歡會之後，他有了一次頓悟似的體驗，但是仍不過是一次體驗而已。《靈山》的作者沒有加以考慮的是這樣的相遇對本地人以及他們的經驗有甚麼樣的影響和衝擊。這正是黃春明的短篇小說《呷鬼的來了》的核心問題。(李海燕〈宗教的異域，異域的宗教〉，載《二十一世紀》網絡版 二○○八年三月號 總第 72 期；2008年3月31日）

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on April 19, 2024 at 9:42am

藝術鄉建——焦點：各地藝術鄉建共同面臨的問題首先依然是在地和主體性問題。藝術鄉建有四個主要的推動力：當代藝術內部的觀念性轉向、政府政策導向、創意經濟崛起和逆城市化潮流。藝術鄉建開始變成背負過強道德性與倫理感的一種身份壓力。藝術從業者開始和鄉村一起進入生產-消費的交換流通體系裡，以求達到鄉建目標。把藝術鄉建放置在「建設」的知識經驗中，會弱化藝術鄉建在替代性、可能性、先鋒性上的特質。空間改造主打的藝術鄉建，應落腳於重構「傳統」、「遺產」相關的價值話語。「文藝鄉建」導向的仍然是一種基於空間交錯的休閒經濟。弱視角與微觀視角，是近年來采納人類學方法的藝術實踐的一個共性。如何處理與當地人的關係（社會關係、知識產權、情感聯系等）等倫理問題，人類學更應有所貢獻。「藝術鄉建」在觸動和改變有關鄉村的話語體系和城鄉文化關係上，已經成效顯著。但在新形態的主體性養成方面，仍然需要一個更長的時間坐標才能有所論斷。

體驗脈絡：藝術鄉建之所以與一般建設工程不同，恰恰在於其「藝術」的面向，這個藝術面向不只是呈現為「作品」，或簡化為「美化」、「裝飾」、「藝術節」，而是更具有生命感的、嵌入當地生活與社會關係脈絡中的體驗方式。

藝術效用空間：如果希望藝術鄉建作為中國農村社會發展與轉型的唯一出路，那麼不僅藝術鄉建難以勝任，任何一種單方面建設都難以勝任。藝術及藝術家有其擅長的方面，例如借由一種多感官、超語言、超文本的總體感知方式體悟世界，但這並不意味著它可以替代諸如政策、行政、基建等職能在鄉村建設方面的作用。從另一方面說，鑑於「藝術鄉建」多討論建設而非藝術，或許藝術鄉建的作用不是被誇大，而是真正能夠發揮「藝術」效用的部分還有相當大的空間值得探索。


Related:

設計故事館

愛墾慕課·研究篇

文化特區運動

鄉韻

PGC

世界文化遺產

(李耕 馮莎 張暉：中國藝術人類學前沿話題三人談：藝術參與鄉村建設的人類學前沿觀察; 原文載於《民族藝術》2018年第3期，請以紙質版為准。)

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on February 8, 2024 at 5:42pm

Conclusions

While it would seem unrealistic that the dominance, or hegemony (Levin, 1993), of the visual will be overturned any time soon, that does not mean that we should not do our best to challenge it. As critic David Michael Levin puts it: “I think it is appropriate to challenge the hegemony of vision– the ocular-centrism of our culture.

And I think we need to examine very critically the character of vision that predominates today in our world. We urgently need a diagnosis of the psychosocial path ology of everyday seeing– and a critical understanding of ourselves as visionary beings.” (Levin, 1993, p. 205).

While not specifically talking about architecture, what we can all do is to adopt a more multisensory perspective and be more sensitive to the way in which the senses interact, be it in architecture or in any other as pect of our everyday experiences.

By designing experiences that congruently engage more of the senses we may be better able to enhance the quality of life while at the same time also creating more immersive, engaging, and memorable multisensory experiences (Bloomer & Moore, 1977; Gallace & Spence, 2014; Garg, 2019; Spence, 2021; Ward, 2014). Stein and Meredith (1993, p. xi), two of the foremost multisensory
neuroscientists of the last quarter century, summarized this idea when they suggesting in the preface to their in fluential volume The merging of the senses that: “The in tegration of inputs from different sensory modalities not only transforms some of their individual characteristics, but does so in ways that can enhance the quality of life.

Integrated sensory inputs produce far richer experiences than would be predicted from their simple coexistence or the linear sum of their individual products.” There is growing interest across many fields of endeavour in design that moves beyond this one dominant, or perhaps even overpowering, sense (Lupton & Lipps, 2018). The aim is increasingly to design for experience rather than merely for appearance. At the same time, however, it is also important to note that progress has been slow in translating the insights from the academic field of multisensory research to the world of architec
tural design practice, as noted by licensed architect Joy Monice Malnar when writing about her disappointment with the entries at the 2015 Chicago Architecture Biennial.

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on February 8, 2024 at 5:41pm

There, she writes: “So, where are we? What is the current state of the art? Sadly, the current research on multisensory environments appearing in journals such as The Senses & Society does not appear to be impacting artists and architects participating in the Chicago Biennial. Nor are the discoveries in neuroscience offering new information about how the brain relates to the physical environment.” (Malnar, 2017, p. 153).19 At the same time, however, the adverts for at least one new residential development in Barcelona promising residents the benefits of “Sensory living” (The New York Times International Edition in 2019, August 31–Septem ber 1, p. 13), suggests that at least some architects/de signers are starting to realize the benefits of engaging their clients’/customers’ senses. The advert promised that the newly purchased apartment would “provoke their senses”.

Ultimately, it is to be hoped that as the growing awareness of the multisensory nature of human perception continues to spread beyond the academic community, those working in the field of architectural design practice will increasingly start to incorporate the multisensory perspective into their work; and, by so doing, promote the development of buildings and urban spaces that do a better job of promoting our social, cognitive, and emotional well-being.

(Source: Senses of place: architectural design for the multisensory mind by Charles Spence; in Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications (2020) 5:46 Keywords: Multisensory perception, Architecture, The senses, Crossmodal correspondences)

Related:

地方感性

愛懇雲端藝廊：設計故事館

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on February 7, 2024 at 3:17pm

Senses of place: architectural design for the multisensory mind

Abstract: Traditionally, architectural practice has been dominated by the eye/sight. In recent decades, though, architects and designers have increasingly started to consider the other senses, namely sound, touch (including proprioception, kinesthesis, and the vestibular sense), smell, and on rare occasions, even taste in their work. As yet, there has been little recognition of the growing understanding of the multisensory nature of the human mind that has emerged from the field of cognitive neuroscience research. This review therefore provides a summary of the role of the human senses in architectural design practice, both when considered individually and, more importantly, when studied collectively. For it is
only by recognizing the fundamentally multisensory nature of perception that one can really hope to explain a number of surprising crossmodal environmental or atmospheric interactions, such as between lighting colour and thermal comfort and between sound and the perceived safety of public space. At the same time, however, the contemporary focus on synaesthetic design needs to be reframed in terms of the crossmodal correspondences and multisensory integration, at least if the most is to be made of multisensory interactions and synergies that have been uncovered in recent years. Looking to the future, the hope is that architectural design practice will increasingly incorporate our growing understanding of the human senses, and how they influence one another. Such a multisensory approach will hopefully lead to the development of buildings and urban spaces that do a better job of promoting our social, cognitive, and emotional development, rather than hindering it, as has too often been the case previously. (Source: Senses of place: architectural design for the multisensory mind by Charles Spence; in Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications (2020) 5:46 Keywords: Multisensory perception, Architecture, The senses, Crossmodal correspondences)

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on January 29, 2024 at 11:14am

CXO vs. CMO

Customer experience, not marketing, is becoming the main focus for many brands. This causes some companies to replace the CMO role with a CXO, which is often a rebranding rather than the firing and replacement of a CMO. However, many organizations still have both CMO and CXO roles.

Chief marketing officer

Traditionally, the CMO is responsible for driving marketing strategy, which includes understanding the company's position in the market, directing marketing campaigns and overseeing branding strategies. However, the roles of the CXO and CMO often overlap, and CMOs are expected to have skill sets and tools that drive CX strategies.

Chief experience officer

The CXO drives the company's entire CX strategy. This involves mapping customer journeys, overseeing the customer success and customer service teams, and digging into customer data analytics. The CXO is often responsible for improving employee experience and engagement, while a CMO is generally not.

How to become a successful CXO

Becoming a CXO requires a combination of experience, skills and qualifications. Some of the most important qualifications to prepare for the CXO role are the following:

• Gain experience in CX and UX. Aspiring CXOs should build strong foundations in CX and UX principles. This would involve working in roles that enable them to understand customer needs and behaviors on platforms like social media, conduct user research and design intuitive user interfaces.

• Develop leadership skills. CXOs are responsible for leading cross-functional teams and collaborating with other C-level executives. Potential CXOs should increase their leadership abilities by taking on managerial roles when the opportunity arises, attending leadership development programs and seeking mentorship from experienced professionals.

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on January 29, 2024 at 12:07am

• Acquire business acumen. CXOs must have a deep understanding of their organization's business goals, objectives and various departmental functions. To get this, they should seek out experience in areas where the business's CX strategy must align, such as marketing, finance, operations and data analytics.

• Foster collaboration and partnership. Collaboration is essential for a CXO to succeed. CXOs should cultivate strong partnerships with other C-level executives such as the chief financial officer, CMO, chief information officer and chief human resources officer. This will help CXOs gain buy-in for CX initiatives and ensure the integration of CX into all aspects of the organization.

• Stay on top of industry trends. CXOs attend conferences and webinars, as well as read relevant publications, to monitor the latest CX trends, technologies and best practices. This can help CXOs expand their knowledge, drive innovation and retain a competitive advantage.

Future of the CXO role

The role of a CXO is dependent on the evolving nature of CX. As CX changes, the CXO position and job description will also change. Some important trends that could affect the role of the CXO include the growth of AI and automation technologies. AI and automation are already changing the speed and accuracy of analytics-based customer profiles. CXOs must understand these technologies to lead personalization, automation and other future projects.

At the same time, CXOs must balance increased use of AI and automation with ethical and responsible CX practices. As data privacy, security and responsible AI concerns grow, CXOs will have to ensure ethical and responsible handling of customer data to build trust with customers. CXOs will play a critical role in driving ethical CX practices and maintaining transparency in data collection and usage.

（Source: https://www.techtarget.com）

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on January 20, 2024 at 1:06pm

Sasar Lipis sebagai UNESCO Global Geopark menjelang 2026-MB Pahang

KUALA LIPIS - Kerajaan Pahang menyasarkan Lipis yang dimasyhurkan sebagai Geopark Kebangsaan hari ini mendapat pengiktirafan Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Saintifik Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO) Global Geopark (UGGp) menjelang 2026.

Menteri Besarnya, Datuk Seri Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail berkata, pengiktirafan sebagai Geopark Kebangsaan yang ke-11 negara itu berkuat kuasa pada 9 November lepas, iaitu setahun selepas kerajaan Pahang memulakan usaha untuk mendapatkan pengiktirafan tersebut.

Pengiktirafan itu menjadikan Lipis Geopark yang berkeluasan 5,408 kilometer persegi iaitu meliputi keseluruhan daerah Lipis, sebagai Geopark Kebangsaan termuda dan terbesar di Malaysia buat masa ini.

"Pelaksanaan Lipis Geopark adalah selari dengan draf perancangan Blueprint Pahang Destinasi Warisan Dunia 2024-2028, untuk menjadikan Pahang destinasi bertaraf dunia bagi pengiktirafan tapak berjenama UNESCO di bawah kategori Tapak Warisan Dunia (WHS), program Manusia dan Biosfera (MAB) dan UGGp," katanya.

Wan Rosdy berkata demikian semasa berucap pada Majlis Pemasyhuran Lipis sebagai Geopark Kebangsaan di Taman Negara Sungai Relau di sini hari ini, yang turut dihadiri Timbalan Menteri Sumber Asli dan Kelestarian Alam, Datuk Seri Huang Tiong Sii.

Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah berkenan mencemar duli menyempurnakan pemasyhuran itu.

Selain itu, Wan Rosdy berkata, antara kawasan yang diangkat sebagai tapak Geopark Kebangsaan itu ialah Galeri Aspirasi Lipis Geopark, Geotapak Bernilai Kebangsaan dan Geotapak Bernilai Geopelancongan, dengan setiap satunya mempunyai sejarah yang boleh diceritakan kepada pelancong.

"Saya diberitahu terdapat bukti perlanggaran dua benua kecil iaitu Malaya Barat dan Malaya Timur di daerah ini lebih kurang 200 juta tahun lepas yang membentuk Semenanjung Malaysia seperti hari ini.

Al-Sultan Abdullah berkenan mendengar penerangan daripada Pengarah Bahagian Reakreasi Alam Semulajadi, Perhilitan Semenanjung Malaysia, Haidar Khan Makbol Hassan (kanan) ketika mencemar duli berjalan melalui Treetop Walk, Taman Negara Pahang, Sungai Relau selepas menyempurnakan Majlis Pemasyhuran Lipis sebagai Geopark Kebangsaan di Taman Negara Sungai Relau di sini hari ini. Foto Bernama

(18 Januari 2024; sinarharian)


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lipisgeopark

Comment by 私貨珍藏 on January 9, 2024 at 10:40am

王臻儒·文化之窗｜成人之後，才是成才

近日，一段短視頻在網絡引發熱議。某小學內，正當班主任要給學生上文化課時，一位體育老師敲門向班主任「借一節課」。獲得班主任的同意後，體育老師問學生：「打雪仗，去嗎？」孩子們先是楞了一下，隨後興高采烈地拍手叫好。

雪天雖冷，但教育是有溫度的。對於大部分學生來說，雪天本就是罕見的美景，能夠賦予人們獨特的生活閱歷。許多成年人的童年回憶中，打雪仗都是記憶深刻的一部分。對於這一代青少年而言，雪天提供的成長意義同樣重要。孩子成長的表現之一，就是學會欣賞世間的美好，學校和教師在美育中的引導和鼓勵，更是他們形成正確認知的關鍵。

遺憾的是，很多人並不理解、支持這種理念。從孩子們驚愕的神情中也不難看出，體育課成功「篡位」文化課的情況，之前「從未出現」。隨著中小學教育「內卷」程度加劇，很多文化課教師為了確保學習效果，占用體育課等素質教育課程，為學生補課。「被請假」的「副科」老師，正在讓教育的缺口越來越大。

打雪仗能讓學生的心情得到放鬆，從而以更飽滿的狀態投入學習。相比看見窗外下雪卻不能出去玩耍的失落，勞逸結合、張弛有度才是提升教育質量的有效手段。曾有網友發帖回憶自己的學生時代，印象最深的是上課期間老師突然停下了板書，鼓勵同學們擡頭看看窗外的夕陽。當時做題的思路或許早已忘記，但那天的夕陽卻會在記憶深處伴隨學生的一生。教育的地點不只有學校，在教室之外，自然環境和運轉的社會同樣為學生提供了源源不斷的學習素材；教育的成果不只有高分和好學校，健全的人格、良好的審美、感知幸福的能力，更能讓人受益終身。成人之後，才是成才。

這種行為收獲社會支持的同時，我們也期待越來越多的老師多一些對孩子的理解，給予他們釋放天性的機會。不過，在為這位體育老師點贊的同時，人們也不妨直面其中的顧慮和隱憂。視頻中，班主任叮囑的一句「別把孩子弄病了」，道出了老師們的兩難。雪大路滑，「放飛自我」的打雪仗容易導致學生滑倒、受傷。

放孩子們出去打雪仗，教師看似在進行「放養式」教育，實則承擔著更大的安全管理責任。但如果因噎廢食，放棄享受這一年不多見的雪景，或許會給學生帶來更大的遺憾。堵不如疏，學校和教師應該進行合理引導，以未雨綢繆的姿態排除雪天校園安全隱患，為學生提供打雪仗的前提條件，才能讓孩子們更好地享受校園生活。（原載：大眾日報記者王臻儒；2023-12-18；來源：大眾報業·大眾日報客戶端））

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