文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
聖人對於飲食之道,有“膾不厭細”之說。膾者,肉絲也,大概冬筍炒肉絲是古已有之了。否則蘇東坡的“無肉使人瘦,無竹令人俗”便是語出無典(一笑)。不過,這古已有之的“膾”,傳至今日,好像是已日趨沒落,平常到大小餐館中隨便吃個榨菜肉絲什麽的,往往端上來的是盤肉丁肉末肉棒棒的雜炒,求其精求其細那等於緣木求魚。一般家庭的“下座”,更多不懂刀功,肉絲也者,不切成排骨肉塊已很對得起你。
若是從吃肉只是吃其蛋白質和脂肪質的營養上講,粗切細切根本無所謂,可能粗切的蛋白質不會過於硬化,還更好些。但我們中國是以吃而聞名於世界的,一切菜色,都有考究,那膾便不容許它是“小手指頭”了。
記得某一食譜談到肉絲,曾寫著:“要先把肉切薄片,再看著肉的紋理橫切成絲,這樣炒出來才嫩,不致咬之不斷。”人家既寫譜出書,當然是學出專門,我們不該胡亂置評,不過,積四十年吃的經驗,肉絲的切法實在該是選一塊精肉,先順著紋理以快刀片成薄片(因肉是軟的,切何能薄,除非是先冰凍了,凍豬肉切細再炒,炒出來有水汽,味兒便不對路了),再順著紋理切絲,這樣炒出才不致橫斷成肉蓉。炒的菜除了刀功,還講究的是火候,一個炒肉絲若會炒出來不易咬斷,那恐怕只有炒的是鐵絲了。
炒肉絲有白炒、紅炒、加芡、幹煸之分,多視其配料而定。筍絲炒肉絲,最宜加芡白炒,就是把肉絲切成後加些蛋白、少許太白粉、適量之鹽拌勻,俟鍋中油極熱,入鍋速炒速鏟動;筍絲當然是先經滾水焯過的,入鍋一混合即盛出,如此便是一盤潔白鮮嫩的“竹膾”;韭黃炒肉絲亦當如是。若是黃芽白爛糊肉絲,則宜加芡紅炒,肉絲不必加蛋白,只加少許太白粉和適量醬油,入鍋炒透,加入白菜絲,再炒透。因白菜本身出水,鍋中菜汁一定很多,再加太白粉,勾成糊汁,便成爛糊。若芹菜肉絲、榨菜肉絲、雪裏紅肉絲、四季豆肉絲,則都宜幹煸,就是肉絲本身什麽都不加,入鍋炒熟,加入配料,再加醬油、鹽、糖等。總之,加芡的是求肉絲之嫩,必須火大油多,幹煸的是求其入味。至若川菜中的乾煸牛肉絲,那是把牛肉絲在油中焙炒成肉幹,則另是一功,不在普通之例了。
最後所謂的“芡”,是北平土話,太白粉、藕粉等加水成濃汁者,均如此呼之。
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