4.4 討論

本研究通過誘發個體的負性情緒，然後通過拼貼詩的方式探討詩歌療愈的情緒干預作用。拼貼詩是詩歌療愈領域一個全新的方法，借鑑傳統詩歌療愈的載體——詩歌及藝術療愈中的拼貼畫的方式，對被試被誘發的負面情緒進行干預。結果表明，詩歌拼貼能顯著提高個體的正性情緒，降低個體的負性情緒，且能增強個體行為情緒調節時的主動面對傾向。

從實驗結果來看，拼貼詩對個體的負性情緒有干預作用。在完成拼貼詩的過程中，被試通過閱讀詩歌和詩後誘導性的文字，可能達到對作品的共鳴、淨化、平衡、暗示、領悟，對詩歌的分析事實上就是一種閱讀中的解釋活動，即從頭到尾地將原先的整個作品重新建構解釋，換一種方式加以解讀(季秀珍，2016)，並將這種換一個方式解讀的方式遷移到生活當中，改變自己對於情緒事件的認知與理解，在此基礎上改變自己的認知方式，以一種積極的認知方式來處理生活中遇到的情緒事件。通過對這些具有積極意向和積極情感表達的詩歌的閱讀，被試在無意識之中運用了認知重評的情緒調節策略，使自己的情緒發生了變化。

詩歌能對被試情緒起到干預的效果和詩歌本身意味中帶有抽象模糊的特點有一定關係。Bowes和Katz (2015)在一項實驗研究中發現，對於相同的敘述內容，如果采用各種修辭手段使其更具有文學色彩(即文學文本通常會具有的陌生化)，會對閱讀者的主觀感受和心理認知產生不同的影響。而詩歌正是一種以運用模糊化和前景化處理為特點的文學體裁。在背景不明，情節斷裂的詩歌之中，人物相對而言身份模糊。值得一提的是，詩歌中使用范圍相當廣泛的隱喻，對讀者有非常強烈的啟發作用，從這些隱喻中，讀者的感知逐漸從幻象轉為真實，從失真轉為清晰(韓晶，2008)。由於讀者將焦點放在了自己的頓悟上，他在這之中重新估量了所有事物，仿佛是突然看到了另一番景致。進而通過詩歌自由思維的引導將讀者誘導進理性思維處理之外的潛意識層(余鳳高，2010)。這樣的不確定性喚起了一種心情，它努力刺激讀者的想象力。

除此之外，美國心理學家海德(Fritz Heider)於1958年提出的平衡說認為，每個人都是社會人，人們在社會生活中建立起來的與他人的關係大部分是通過各種事件形成的。當人們與他人及外部事物之間的關係處於不平衡狀態時，人們就會有不愉快的情緒體驗，而閱讀作為一種代償性的情緒體驗方式，能幫助讀者重新達到平衡的狀態(季秀珍，2016)。詩作為文學作品的一類，能夠讓讀者在「保持自身特殊性」的同時，「將他的個人和私人痛苦轉變成大眾的和非個人的痛苦」，詩歌中描述個人經歷同時又超越了個人表達了普遍的真理(李佳穎，2017)，患者借由閱讀詩歌，通過作品將自己放到一個虛擬出來的現實世界中去。而拼貼詩可以讓讀者在體驗詩人創造的情感的同時，通過自己剪拼的方式使讀者參與到詩歌的創作中去。

本研究也具有一些實際的意義和價值，創新了詩歌療愈的模式，將傳統詩歌療愈和藝術療愈中的拼貼法相結合，在探究這一方法干預有效性的同時，也為探究詩歌療愈的作用機制提供了一種新的思路。

在未來的研究中，可以考慮將以抑郁傾向群體作為被試，以考察拼貼詩的臨床效果，使研究具有更強的實踐意義。另外，在研究方法上，未來的研究可以考慮和團體輔導進行比較，探討在干預效果上，兩種方式是否存在差異。

基金項目: 本項目受湖北省大學生創新訓練項目(S202210512035、S202110512005)資助。

文章引用: 陳思穎,方紫夢,艾麗皮熱•吐魯洪,陳佳欣. 詩歌療愈對情緒的干預作用——以拼貼詩為例
Intervention Effect of Poetry Healing on Emotion—Taking Collage Poetry as an Example[J]. 心理學進展, 2023, 13(03): 1125-1133. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2023.133135

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