（三）大貢獻…

（原題《劉奇：大中國 大農業 大戰略——關於中國品牌農業建設的思考》）

人類在漫長的歷史進程中，曾長期與“不足”作鬥爭，今天已進入與“過剩”作鬥爭的新階段。買方市場的到來，顛覆了整個市場，社會消費被帶入“品牌時代”。品牌農業建設已經成為中國農村經濟發展的重大引擎，成為特色農業發展的必然選擇，成為產品質量信任度的重要保證，成為市場主體形成競爭優勢的核心價值，成為農產品變數量優勢為質量優勢、變資源優勢為市場優勢的不二法門，成為引領大眾消費的夜航燈塔，成為農業現代化實現程度的顯著標誌。 

一、大中國 …

上個世紀八、九十年代，中國崛起了一大批依市興城的典型，如福建的石獅、浙江溫州的橋頭、河北的白溝等。近年來，中國交通結構發生了巨大變化，高速鐵路、高速公路、航空、港口快速發展，農村公路也已聯通成網，“村村通”更使得鄉村流通貿易空前發達。在高速鐵路站、高速公路下道口、機場、港口及鄉村交通要道或貨物集散地，自發形成了一個個輻射能力極強、遠達數鄉甚至跨縣的露天集市，它們大多有市無場，有的依托村莊交易，有的就在一片空曠的原野上搭建簡易場所進行交易。針對此類市場，各級政府應因勢利導，組織專門力量幫助做好規劃，提供必要的公共服務和基礎設施。放開手腳，讓市場力量充分釋放，讓民間活力充分展示，以此推進一批新興城鎮的崛起。 …

政府應把這些功能齊全的新開發社區，當成獨立的小城鎮，出臺有關政策予以支持扶植，放手讓企業組織業主獨立管理，自我服務，政府不設系統的行政管理機構，只設如稅收、治安、消防等少量的派駐機構，城鎮管理，由企業組織業主實行民主選舉產生城鎮管理委員會，主要負責物業管理、社區服務和商業開發運營等。同時，政府根據人口數量，可給予相當於鄉鎮級、副縣級或縣級各項政策待遇的幫助，具體實施可通過城鎮管理委員會落實，政府只提供必要的支持。房地產商將建成的中小學和幼兒園、體育中心、城市路網、市政管網、景觀綠化等公共設施移交給政府管理維護。 …

總之，大學帶城，政府只須花極少的投資，就能夠以“四兩撥千斤”，迅速帶來成千上萬個新城鎮的崛起、成千上萬個新大學的誕生。這不僅能從根本上提高小城鎮的競爭能力和資源集聚能力，更重要的是能從源頭上扭轉城鄉資源配置不公的格局，是縮小城鄉差距，徹底改變城鄉二元結構的釜底抽薪之舉。人們參與市場經濟活動，起點是參與能力。參與者的能力是通過消費形成的，消費包括公共消費和私人消費，公共消費即政府向民眾提供的教育、醫療、社保及公共基礎設施和公共服務消費。



私人消費包括食品、娛樂、高等教育等。要避免經濟活動中的能力陷阱，對於絕大多數人來說，私人消費十分有限，政府的公共消費是關鍵。一個窮人，可以通過政府提供的公共消費獲取基本能力，而這個基本能力的獲取最重要的就是教育。有了這個基礎，窮人就可以在市場競爭中找到脫貧致富的機會，從而使社會的階層流動得以實現。大學落戶小城鎮為鄉村社會獲取教育資源、提升能力帶來了極大方便，是破除階層固化、推進社會階層流動不斷加快流速、加大流量的根本舉措、治本之策。…

大學帶城，校城相長；城因校名，校因城活；校城帶市，市旺城張，互為促進，協同發展。一是可以低成本帶動小城鎮擴張。大學在小城鎮創辦，小城鎮可為大學提供各種生活服務及公共交通等，不需要政府大規模投資，就可帶動當地二、三產業快速發展，進而吸引相關企業入駐投資，加快產業和人口的集聚，增強小城鎮經濟社會發展活力和能力。二是能夠高檔次帶動小城鎮發展。一個城鎮有一所大學，對城鎮周邊會產生全方位輻射效應，將大大提高人口素質，一批專家、學者可為社區提供各項服務，如開展成人教育和繼續教育乃至終身教育；開展技術推廣和培訓服務；向社會開放…

 [摘 要] 讓八、九億農民就地就近城鎮化是中國城鎮化的重要途徑。但由於長期以來在資源配置及有關政策方面多向大中城市傾斜，小城鎮發展一直處於活力不足、成長不快、發育受限狀態，而國家在短期內也無力改變這一現實。因此，充分調動民間力量、社會力量開發小城鎮，走大學帶城、企業造城、市場興城的路子是中國推進城鎮化、實現城鄉一體化發展切實可行的新途徑。

 …

Brian McFarlane; Clarendon Press, 1996, Oxford

Part I Backgrounds, Issues, and a New Agenda

BACKGROUNDS

Conrad, Griffith, and 'Seeing'

Commentators in the field are fond of quoting Joseph Conrad's famous statement of his novelistic intention: 'My task which I…

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Documentary and Literal Adaptation

Documentary films seek a form of literal adaptation to be historically sound. But the nature of historical truth achieved by documentary is debatable. Documentary is not a verbatim representation. As noted earlier, conventional wisdom defines documentary as “relating to or found in documents: aiming at presentation of reality . . . broadly factual, objective.” Objective? As historian Erik…

This essay offers an overview of adaptation, an initiation for the educated reader who is not a communications or film specialist. It will reference “The Social and Cultural Construction of Abraham Lincoln in U.S. Movies and on U.S. TV”—but mainly with an eye to the larger issue of cinematographic adaptation itself.

Essentials…

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Creative and Cultural Economy series 2 Mapping the Creative Industries: A Toolkit by BOP Consulting

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