4.2 研究啟示

相對於國外「家」的地理學研究豐富的研究成果，國內的研究仍然較為缺乏。本文試圖拋磚引玉，通過介紹國外這一研究領域的相關理論和進展，以期對中國人文地理學的研究選題和視角有所裨益。圍繞研究綜述的內容，結合中國獨特的社會情境，試圖從身份、多尺度性和流動性這3個方面進行進一步討論，同時期待更多基於本土實踐的相關研究，能夠在國際平臺進行學術對話，進一步推動「家」的理論進展。

(1) 家與身份的互動。從「家」的概念和內涵可以看出，它不僅指向居住空間，更重要的是情感和意義。然而目前國內地理學研究側重於對城市住房發展或住房形態的探討，以定量的空間分析為主，對人的情感和地方意義的關注較少。情感和地方意義與身份密切相關，是分析情感和意義的重要視角。在國外文獻中，階層、性別、性取向、種族等身份是研究的核心。在中國當前社會情境下，以城市/農村、本地/移民以及富裕/貧困為基礎的二元結構更能反映和影響「家」的體驗。

(2) 家的多尺度性。家的歸屬可以發生在或建構於不同尺度之下。在中國語境下，從「家庭」、 「家鄉」到「國家」，都包含了「家」這一概念。即使在「家庭」這一小尺度中，它的邊界也是具有彈性的，其規模和構成常常隨政治、宗教和經濟需求等因素而變化(費孝通, 2008)。同時，家庭中的規範、觀念和價值體系也是中國文化傳統的核心， 「修身、齊家、治國、平天下」，即是一定程度上把家庭關係拓展到家外的世界(麻國慶, 2009)，這與重視「個人主義」的西方社會具有本質差異，個人、集體和國家往往具有更複雜的關係。

(3) 家的流動性。全球化背景下，跨國移民的流動性快速增長，因此「家」的歸屬和重構成為一個重要話題。跨國移民在與家鄉保持聯系的同時，也積極適應和融入新的環境。當前在中國社會轉型加速的背景下，從農村到城市，以及沿海城市到內陸城市之間人口的大規模遷移則更為普遍；同時，被迫遷移的工程性移民(如三峽移民、南水北調移民和其他氣候移民等)也是值得關注的對象。

對這類移民「家」的體驗和重構的探討，不僅僅涉及身份和多尺度性，更重要的是「家」的特殊內涵。在國外研究中，移民往往賦予了「家」不斷轉換和流動的意義，在新的地方，家里的裝飾或制度性的社交組織成為人們重構家的方式。在中國語境下，家總是與根植性有關，祖輩、父母或童年生活的地方在身份中扮演重要作用，作為家的地方和社會歸屬感可能並不輕易隨著人的遷移而變化。因此，國內移民「家」的研究，不管是主動或被迫遷移的人群，在借鑒國外相關研究的同時，有待更深入地對社會情境和本土實踐的探討。

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