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Comment by Zenkov on February 13, 2024 at 7:35pm

Travel far enough, you meet yourself

Travel far enough, you meet yourself. ― David Mitchell

To Travel is to Live. – Hans Christian Andersen

Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover. ― Mark Twain

I haven’t been everywhere, but it’s on my list. – Susan Sontag

They’re short, they’re sweet, and they’re oh-so-true. These short travel quotes will have you wanting to be back on a beach in no time. Like this one: Hot air balloon above high mountain at sunset

A journey is best measured in friends rather than miles. – Tim Cahill

Jobs fill your pocket, but adventures fill your soul. – Jamie Lyn Beatty

Wherever you go becomes a part of you somehow. ― Anita Desai

Work, Travel, Save, Repeat. – Unknown

When preparing to travel, lay out all your clothes and all your money. Then take half the clothes and twice the money. – Susan Heller

Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all. ― Helen Keller

Comment by Zenkov on February 12, 2024 at 10:11am

If you’re twenty-two

If you’re twenty-two, physically fit, hungry to learn and be better, I urge you to travel – as far and widely as possible. ― Anthony Bourdai

Actually, the best gift you could have given her was a lifetime of adventures – Lewis Carroll

To awaken quite alone in a strange town is one of the pleasantest sensations in the world.― Dame Freya Madeline Stark

“When traveling with someone, take large doses of patience and tolerance with your morning coffee.” – Helen Hayes

As soon as I saw you, I knew an adventure was about to happen.– A. A. Milne, Winnie the Pooh

The most beautiful thing in the world is, of course, the world itself. ― Wallace Stevens

Not all those who wander are lost. ― J.R.R. Tolkien

Because in the end, you won’t remember the time you spent working in the office or mowing your lawn. Climb that goddamn mountain. ― Jack Kerouac

Comment by Zenkov on February 11, 2024 at 12:12pm

If we are to preserve culture we must continue to create it

“If we are to preserve culture we must continue to create it” by Johan Huizinga.

“Never judge someone by the way he looks or a book by the way it’s covered; For inside those tattered pages, there’s a lot to be discovered” by Stephen Cosgrove.

“The crucial differences which distinguish human societies and human beings are not biological. They are cultural.” by Ruth Benedict.

“Culture is a way of coping with the world by defining it in detail.” by Malcolm Bradbury.

“Difference is of the essence of humanity. Difference is an accident of birth and it should therefore
never be the source of hatred or conflict. The answer to difference is to respect it. Therein lies a
most fundamental principle of peace: respect for diversity.” by John Hume.

“Strength lies in differences, not in similarities” by Stephen R. Covey.

“Every man’s ability may be strengthened or increased by culture” by John Abbot.

No culture can live if it attempts to be exclusive. by Mahatma Gandhi

“One of the greatest regrets in life is being what others would want you to be, rather than being yourself” by Shannon L. Alder.

Comment by Zenkov on February 10, 2024 at 8:57am

You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture

“You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.” by Ray Bradbury.

“A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people” by Mahatma Gandhi.

“Culture is the name for what people are interested in, their thoughts, their models, the books they read and the speeches they hear” by Walter Lippmann.

“Cultural differences should not separate us from each other, but rather cultural diversity brings a collective strength that can benefit all of humanity” by Robert Alan.

“Traditions are the guideposts driven deep in our subconscious minds. The most powerful ones are those we can’t even describe, aren’t even aware of” by Ellen Goodman.

“Culture is the arts elevated to a set of beliefs” by Thomas Wolfe 

“We may have different religions, different languages, different colored skin, but we all belong to one human race” by Kofi Annan.

“The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people.” 

“You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.” by Ray Bradbury.

Comment by Zenkov on February 8, 2024 at 8:50pm

The Culture Industry Quotes by Theodor Adorno

Written by Stanley Warhol, Neha Cherian

“Illusory universality is the universality of the art of the culture industry, it is the universality of the homogeneous same, an art which no longer even promises happiness but only provides easy amusement as relief from labour.” (Theodor Adorno)

Adorno argues against the Culture Industry due to its mass manipulation which in turn renders art less artistic. In that, the injection of mass consumerism and capitalism into art has led to the loss of authentic art. He argues that the culture industry is interested in creating art that is meant to give momentary enjoyment to the mass rather than cater to the aesthetic. The saturation of mediocre entertainment in the market contains less and less art as it aims to capture as much as possible. The prioritization of monetary profit in the commodification of art molds the culture industry.

“The culture industry is not the art of the consumer but rather the projection of the will of those in control onto their victims. The automatic self-reproduction of the status quo in its established forms is itself an expression of domination.” Theodor Adorno

Adorno further explains the mass manipulation that goes into making the culture industry viable in the eyes of the consumers. He expounds that knack of the culture industry is not in concealing that they manipulating the masses but to get the consumers to not care either way. Therefore, he compares this type of manipulation to the fascist ideologies that are embraced by the masses despite deteriorating their well-being. The assertion expresses this dynamic and how it also brings forth a class divide that sees the domination of the consumers in the market.

Comment by Zenkov on February 7, 2024 at 1:51pm

Any authentic creation is a gift to the future

“Without culture, and the relative freedom it implies, society, even when perfect, is but a jungle. This is why any authentic creation is a gift to the future” by Albert Camus.

“Keep your language. Love its sounds, its modulation, its rhythm. But try to march together with men of different languages, remote from your own, who wish like you for a more just and human world.” by  Hélder Câmara.

Every country, every community are strongly tied together by an intricate tapestry of individual values, norms and a specific history, so to understand their culture is to understand them. Speaking to a person in a way which is sensitive to their own distinct, unique culture enables a brand to not only elicit the intended emotional response through branded communications, but also shows that the brand can be trusted to understand their consumer.

Culture and its impact on the communities it was born of is a beautiful, multifaceted entity which gives strength, identity and purpose to its people, and these culture quotes explore the reasons why we emphasise obtaining a true insight into the cultures we help brands to speak to.

Culture is the name for what people are interested in, their thoughts, their models, the books they read and the speeches they hear, their table-talk, gossip, controversies, historical sense and scientific training, the values they appreciate, the quality of life they admire. All communities have a culture. It is the climate of their civilization. （Source: 19 Insightful Quotes About Culture by Textappeal)

Comment by Zenkov on February 6, 2024 at 4:08pm

The cultural Consciousness 

We seldom realize, for example that our most private thoughts and emotions are not actually our own. For we think in terms of languages and images which we did not invent, but which were given to us by our society

“We seldom realize, for example that our most private thoughts and emotions are not actually our own.

For we think in terms of languages and images which we did not invent,

but which were given to us by our society” by Alam W. Watts.

When we become the transcreation partner of a brand, we ensure that all our services have deep roots in the culture of each target market. Our project managers connect with a network of in-house language specialists who become their trusted knowledge-base to ensure all assets are produced with a true understanding of the market’s consumer mindset.

延續閱讀：

韵文化：美、标致、生態

綿延地思 I

綿延地思 II

地方文化營銷 1.3：慢遊～尼泊爾

地方文化營銷 2.3 慢遊

地方文化營銷 2.4 慢遊

Comment by Zenkov on May 21, 2022 at 5:07pm

王汶成·論“藝術審美經驗”的涵義

摘要：本文從外延和內涵兩個方面，探討了藝術審美經驗這一概念的涵義，認為藝術審美經驗的能指範圍是不斷拓展的，但有一個底線；而藝術審美經驗的所指意義，則包括哲學內涵、心理內涵、人文內涵等多重內容。

近代以來在美學領域發生的經驗美學、心理美學、人生美學的轉向，使得“藝術審美經驗”一詞越來越引起人們的關注，而當前國內學術界熱烈展開的關於“大眾審美文化”、“日常生活審美化”以及“文學的邊界”、“藝術的邊界”、“審美的邊界”等等的討論，也無不涉及到對“藝術審美經驗”這一概念的理解。因此總結歷史的經驗、綜合各派觀點，從理論上探討一下“藝術審美經驗”這一概念的基本涵義，應該是很有必要、很有現實意義的。從字面上看，這個概念在“經驗”一詞的前面有“藝術的”、“審美的”兩個限定，因而是一個特指概念。本文擬先清理一下這個特指概念所規定的外延邊界，即它的能指範圍，然後再來確定這個概念的所指內涵。

一、藝術審美經驗的外延界定

首先，藝術的審美經驗是一種關涉“藝術的”審美經驗，所有與藝術無關的經驗，即使是審美經驗，都不是我們所說的“藝術的”審美經驗。譬如，我們在現實生活中，面對自然景物、種種社會現象、人的漂亮的面孔乃至某種高尚的品行所產生的審美經驗，就不屬於藝術的審美經驗，因為這些審美經驗與藝術沒有直接的關聯，它們不是在面對藝術作品時產生的。但是，這樣的界定馬上又引出了一個更為麻煩的問題，這就是如何劃定“藝術”與“非藝術”的界限？這里的困難在於，被我們稱為藝術的東西本身是不斷變化著的，它的指稱邊界既不是預先設定的，也不是固定不變的，而是隨著藝術本身的變化而“伸縮”不定的。總之，藝術與非藝術的分界由於藝術本身的不斷變化而很難劃清。

就西方的情況看，起初古希臘時期所說的“藝術”包括了一切“技藝性”的活動，很明顯，這個所指範圍是比較廣泛的，諸如建築、雕塑、制陶、裁縫、戰術、醫術、論辯術、經商術、航海術等等，凡是一切依靠手藝的、有著既定程序的、需要某種特殊技術的活動，都被古希臘人看作是藝術。但奇怪的是，像詩歌、音樂這些被現代人看作標準藝術的東西，反而未被列入藝術的範圍之內。因為，在當時的人們看來，詩歌、音樂等同哲學一樣，都是依靠智力的、創造性的、高貴的活動，都不屬於“技藝”的活動，而被歸入“藝術”的技藝活動則是機械的、粗俗的、低賤的活動。直到1747年法國學者查理斯·巴托首次提出了“美的藝術”的概念之後，藝術的外延邊界才隨之發生了重大的改變，這就是把原來被認為是藝術的那些純技藝活動排除出去，而把繪畫、詩歌、戲劇、音樂、舞蹈等具有審美意義的活動吸納進藝術的範疇，由此就形成了近代以來關於藝術的新概念。(王汶成《論「藝術審美經驗」的涵義》煙臺大學學報[哲學社會科學版]；19卷3期 [2006/07 /15]，P291-297) （下續）

Comment by Zenkov on May 2, 2022 at 9:34pm

（續上）自20世紀初開始，隨著現代主義文藝、特別是後現代主義文藝的興起，藝術與非藝術之間的界限又重新變得模糊起來。這主要還不是指湧現了一些因大眾傳媒文化的發展而產生的新的藝術種類，如電影藝術、廣播文藝、電視文藝、網絡文藝、卡拉OK、流行歌舞等等；更重要的是，有一些按過去的藝術概念無法歸屬的東西也統統被稱之為藝術品，如現在比較時興的所謂環境藝術、裝置藝術、過程藝術、行為藝術等等。特別是行為藝術，已經把藝術創作和生活行為直接融合在一起，甚至赤裸裸地展示醜陋、恐怖等令人震驚的行為過程，就更是原有的藝術概念所難以包容的。所有這些新的變化，都使得我們在界定什麽是和什麽不是“藝術的”審美經驗時，感到無所適從和難以取捨。在當今時代，“藝術”與“非藝術”之間的分野已變得前所未有的模糊不清和遊移不定，以至有人開始懷疑：這世界上究竟還有沒有一種叫做“藝術”的東西？於是，各式各樣的現代“藝術消亡論”和“泛藝術論”也就由此大量生出。

盡管如此，我們依然不能贊同當前流行的各種“藝術消亡論”或“泛藝術論”，我們依然認為，“藝術”與“非藝術”之間的界限雖一時難以明確劃定，但為這種“劃定”確立一個基本的原則還是可能而且應該的，這就是我們前面提到的，一方面要承認藝術的邊界是不斷開放的，以前不被看作是藝術的東西並不意味著永遠不是藝術，在發展到一定的時候，它們也完全有理由進入藝術的範圍。企圖封閉藝術的邊界，剝奪它們成為藝術品的權利，是不明智的，也是不可能的。至於說到現在流行的過程藝術、行為藝術等，我們認為，至少應該把它看作是一種新的藝術嘗試，一種新的藝術實驗，一種新的藝術探索，或者說，是一種新的藝術現象。文藝美學的研究也必須“與時俱進”，對這種新的藝術現象應該給以特別的關注。但另一方面也要看到，藝術邊界的開放和拓展也不是無限度的，不能什麽東西都可以裝到藝術這個“大筐”里去，在這里還是存在著一個底線的。比如說，被稱為藝術的東西起碼是一個由某個特定作者創作出來的“人工制品”，而且這種人工制品必須具有一定的審美（寬泛意義上的審美）價值，具有一種可以讓人觀賞的可能性。完全自然的東西，毫無審美價值的東西，不能被人觀賞的東西，無論怎麽說，都絕無可能成為藝術品。我們所說的“藝術的”審美經驗，當然不會包括這些對象所產生的經驗。

其次，我們所說的藝術審美經驗，還是一種關涉“審美的”經驗，所以，一切“非審美的”經驗，包括非審美的藝術經驗，都不能算在藝術的審美經驗之中。但是，這里仍然存在著一些理論上困難，就是如何劃定“審美”和“非審美”的界限？如果說某某人明顯地以一種求真的科學態度、或以一種求善的道德態度、或以一種日常的實用態度對待藝術品，由此產生的經驗當然不能算作審美經驗，這是不難判定的，盡管在面對藝術品時，審美態度與科學態度、實用態度，特別是與道德態度，往往是交織、混雜在一起的。可是，如果我們結合“美”的概念的歷史演變看，“審美”與“非審美”的界限就不那麽容易分清了。

我們都知道，美學史上關於美的概念有狹義和廣義之分。狹義的美只是指“優美”，而廣義的美，則隨著社會歷史的變遷和人類審美活動的深入，其指稱範圍也在不斷地延伸、擴展。先是“崇高”被納入到審美之中，成為一個重要的美學範疇，繼而“醜”、“荒誕”、“反諷”等也正式進入了審美領域，被人們普遍地接受和認同。而到了20世紀中葉以後，在後現代的文化語境中，種種前所未有的全新的藝術樣式和藝術形態紛至沓來，審美與非審美的分野就更是糾纏不清了。時至今日，我們不禁要問，當我們沈浸於種種大眾傳媒文藝中的那些富有誘惑力和刺激力的內容時，還是不是審美呢？由此激發的種種感官的體驗和感受還算不算審美經驗呢？再有，當我們面對所謂行為藝術製造出來的強烈的震驚效果時，還是不是審美呢？而由此引起的“驚??”、“恐懼”乃至“噁心”等等的體驗還算不算審美經驗呢？這一切的確都使我們越來越感到惶惑不解。盡管如此，有一點還是可以肯定的，這就是，審美與非審美的界限不是固定不變的，不僅“非審美的”可以轉化成“審美的”，而且從“非審美的”到“審美的”，其間還存在著種種交叉和混雜的過渡形態，使我們很難也不可能在審美和非審美之間劃定一個明確的界限。（下續）

Comment by Zenkov on December 21, 2021 at 11:05pm

（續上）鑒於上述複雜情況，我們在確定什麽是“審美的”藝術經驗時，決不能畫地為牢、作繭自縛，狹隘地固守原有的成說，因為美和審美畢竟是一個在歷史中不斷變化發展的概念。較為積極而又穩妥的做法應該是，既要有一種歷史的胸襟，又要有一種前瞻的眼光，既要尊重傳統，又要立足現實和放眼未來，以一種盡可能寬宏的學術態度來思考和權衡這一問題。特別是對那些新近出現的、尚處於萌芽狀態的藝術樣態和藝術經驗，在其總體發展還不明朗的情況下，先不必忙於下結論，不妨將其作為一種準審美現象或因素先行納入到文藝美學的理論視野中來，給予認真的研究，例如對當代大眾藝術和後現代藝術的審美現象如何看待，還有對當前所謂“日常生活審美化”的現象如何理解，等等。無論如何，對這些新近產生的準審美現象和事實，或采取一種視而不見的回避態度，或在尚未認真研究之前就簡單地給出一個結論，都是極不科學的做法。

另外，我們在清理藝術審美經驗的概念外延時，還要注意區分兩種不同的經驗形態。說到藝術審美經驗，人們往往僅僅將其常識性地理解為接受者欣賞藝術作品時的審美經驗。但事實上，藝術審美經驗在審美活動的方式上是存在著兩種形態的，除了讀者欣賞作品時的審美經驗外，還應包括作者創作作品時的審美經驗。因為，從美學的角度看，作者的創作過程也應該是一個美的發現和美的創造的過程，盡管每個作家在創作過程中對美和審美可能有不同的感受和理解。毫無疑問，所謂藝術的審美經驗，既可以指稱藝術創作主體的審美經驗，也可以指稱藝術欣賞主體的審美經驗，兩種形態的藝術審美經驗之間雖有著密切的聯系和銜接，但也有著明顯的區別，譬如兩者在心理結構、心理過程、心理指向等方面都有著諸多的不同，不容混為一談。杜夫海納在《審美經驗現象學》一書中，一開始就挑明了他所研究的審美經驗“指的是欣賞者的而不是藝術家本人的審美經驗”，但他又接著聲言，他“之所以選定研究欣賞者的經驗”，並非因為“欣賞者的經驗是唯一的審美經驗”，而是因為“盡管欣賞者的經驗不如創作者的那樣光彩照人，它仍不失為一種獨特而關鍵的經驗”，他同時又承認，“要對審美經驗進行透辟的研究，一定要把這兩者結合起來”。[①](p1-3)這說明杜夫海納早已注意到藝術審美經驗的兩種不同形態，並強調了區分藝術審美經驗的兩種形態對審美經驗研究的重要意義。所以我們在談論藝術審美經驗時，還必須要搞清你所說的藝術審美經驗是欣賞形態的審美經驗，還是創作形態的審美經驗。

總而言之，藝術的審美經驗雖然是一個特指概念，但它所指稱的外延範圍還是極為廣闊的，不僅包括著一個歷史的跨度，如前現代的藝術審美經驗、現代的藝術審美經驗和後現代的審美經驗；也包括著一個文化的跨度，如中國的藝術審美經驗、東方的藝術審美經驗、西方的藝術審美經驗等；還包括著一個種類的跨度，如文學的審美經驗、音樂的審美經驗、繪畫的審美經驗、戲劇的審美經驗、舞蹈的審美經驗、影視的審美經驗，等等；還包括著兩種不同的形態，即創作審美經驗和欣賞審美經驗。所以，我們在把握藝術的審美經驗概念的內涵之前，要充分考慮到這個概念的外延所涉及的對象和範圍的開放性、複雜性以及某種程度的不確定性，將歷史上的、文化上的、、形態上的、種類上的所有的藝術審美經驗，都無一遺漏地盡收眼底，加以審視和探究，由此才可能對藝術審美經驗做出一個涵蓋面寬、包容力大的解釋。

二、藝術審美經驗的內涵界定

關於藝術審美經驗的內涵，西方近代以來有過更多的論述，涉及的問題更多，分歧也更大。因為，每個理論家對藝術的審美經驗內涵的理解都有不同的視角，也反映了他們各自不同的哲學理念、審美理念和藝術理念，在觀點上五花八門也就不足為奇了。英國的經驗主義美學、德國的實驗論美學以及精神分析、“格式塔”、“原型”、“移情”、“內模仿”等心理學美學自不用說，它們代表的是心理經驗主義的一派，它們的美學理論從總體上看主要就是各種審美心理經驗論；其它即如表現論美學、現象學美學、存在論美學、闡釋學美學、符號論美學、實用主義美學、接受美學等等，這些在西方現當代美學中影響極大的美學學派，也無不將審美經驗列為自己美學理論研究的重要內容，對此發表了各自不同的意見。至於中國古代美學中的如“興觀群怨”（孔子）、“得至美而遊乎至樂”（莊子）、“身與物化”（莊子）、“比興”（毛萇）、“遷想妙得”（顧愷之）、“澄懷味象”（宗炳）、“滋味”（鐘嶸）、“神與物遊”（劉勰）、“味外之旨，韻外之致”（司空圖）、“興趣”（嚴羽）、“性靈”（袁枚）、“神韻”（王士禎）、“境界”（王國維）諸說，因其“經驗式”、“感悟式”的突出特點，也都可看作是分別從不同側面對藝術審美經驗的描述和解說，具體的觀點更是異彩紛呈、各有千秋。（下續）

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