文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
今日新界大埔海面,從前稱為大步海,又名媚川都,有池養珠蚌,名媚珠池,為古時採珠名地,清嘉慶二十四年修纂的《新安縣志》云:
又云:
媚珠池,舊志雲在大步海,漢時採珠於此。
本來,我國從前產珠最有名的地方是南海合浦,即今日廣東的合浦。所謂「珠還合浦」這成語便是從前傳說合浦海中產珠蚌,如果當任的縣官貪婪,不停的奴役人民到海中去採珠,珠蚌便會遷移他處;若是縣官清廉,遷到他處海中的珠蚌又能遷回來,所以有了「合浦珠還」這成語。
新界除了大浦海以外,其他有些地方也產珠。這一帶地方在清朝屬新安縣,明以前則屬東莞,所以《東莞縣志》上便載著,除了大步海媚珠池產鴉贏珍珠以外,縣境內的後海龍鼓青贏角荔枝莊等一十三處,也產珠蚌。
大埔採珠的歷史頗久,從唐開元直至明初都在這裡採珠進貢,為我國合浦以外的重要產珠地之一。最盛時是在五代南漢(公元九○五年至九七一年)時期,南漢王劉鋹建都廣州,在大主六年(公元九六四年)改大步為媚川都,從海門鎮招募能採珠的土人三千名為兵,常川駐在這裡,終年為他搜集珍珠。因為風浪險惡,每年溺死者甚眾,成為當時苛政之一。
後來劉鋹為宋太祖所滅,大埔採珠之舉就被廢棄,到了元朝又恢復。元大德三年,甚至編置艇戶七百家為珠人,並派了三名監督官加緊監采。因為採珠很辛苦,採不到時要受罰,艇戶逃亡的很多,所以要加派官員監視。這樣直到明朝,洪武七年採珠五月,僅得珠半斤,認為大埔產珠已盡,遂移地合浦,不再在大埔採珠了。
今日新界大埔雖不再以產珠著名,但海中仍產蠔,海邊有養蠔的蠔田,取蠔時偶然撈起珠蚌,剖開來其中有時仍會有小粒珍珠的。
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