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4 地方理論應用旅遊研究的策略
國外地方理論應用研究比較廣泛,涉及到建築學、旅遊學、地理學以及社會學等學科領域。尤其在旅遊研究中,借取地方理論為旅遊管理、旅遊市場營銷、旅遊空間規劃布局和社區參與旅遊規劃等方面都有重要的貢獻。因此,對地方理論進一步的深入探究將為我國當前所倡導的人本主義旅遊規劃提供了新的研究視角,對豐富我國旅遊規劃研究的理論與實踐將有非常重要的意義。
4.1 應用旅遊市場營銷策略
隨著大眾休閑時代的到來以及居民文化素質的提高,遊客在休閑的同時,常常遠離常規的生活圈,去異地尋求更深層次的文化體驗。文化觀光近年來是比較熱門的大眾旅遊市場,但是核心或者有目的性的文化觀光市場仍然是一個較小利潤的市場。因此,可以通過旅遊意象的塑造來尋求地方的核心文化價值,營銷地方特色,或通過旅遊意象的塑造讓遊客對旅遊地形成依附感,進而影響遊客的旅遊動機或行為決策,來提高遊客的重遊率。
4.2 應用旅遊產品開發策略
通過對遊客地方依附感的問卷調查,可以從客源市場角度了解哪些旅遊產品是遊客所期望的,這為景區旅遊產品設計提供了參考依據。在旅遊規劃中可配合旅遊地意象結構的設計,讓淺層旅遊經驗的遊客更深入了解景區內的產品文化特色或特色的旅遊行程,並加強交通便利性及廣告媒體的運用,吸引以目的性和探索性的遊客前往。
地方發展旅遊觀光的同時,除了要善用當地資源與文化底蘊外,更應加強對旅遊資源的生態保護和管理。因此地方依附可以為景區對遊客的管理提供策略,可以讓遊客用附加費的機制來加強遊客對景區內生態自然環境和歷史文化古跡的保存和愛護[20]。一般來說地方依附感較高的遊客對旅遊資源的使用和破壞的程度就會越小,他們會願意犧牲自己的不便或容忍旅遊利益的被干擾,來提高對旅遊地環境保護的意識。
4.3 應用旅遊管理與規劃策略
地方理論研究有助於從管理者角度去更好地了解旅遊相關者的利益、態度與行為,從而使管理政策措施得到更多的認同與支持。同時也為社區參與旅遊規劃提供新的決策依
據。在旅遊規劃設計上,地方理論研究有利於規劃設計者了解特定場所對使用者的特殊意義與價值,特別注重從當地居民的角度去審視地點或場所意義,從而對其進行特別的規劃設計,以維系遊客、居民與旅遊企業管理者與特定地方的情感聯結關系。
4.4 提升整體旅遊意象塑造策略
旅遊景區可提供環境解說服務系統,讓有興趣的遊客從中捕捉信息,並實際體驗和了解地方文化特色,以認知意象來提高遊客的地方依附感。還可以通過增加活動的設計,以及借由各種節事活動的舉辦或文化體驗等,來加深個人與地方的情感。例如親身體驗型的或動手做的活動,如在景德鎮的遊客可以通過自己動手做陶窯彩繪或粄條制作,從中增加與地方間的互動,以提升對旅遊地的依附表現。
總結
人類社會的目標無非就是在人與環境之間創造人心歸依的感覺,而地方理論從人的感覺、心理、社會文化、倫理和道德的角度來認識人與地方、人與環境之間關系的理論。旅遊意象塑造的研究是地方理論應用旅遊規劃研究的重要方面,人在旅行的過程中,建構自己旅遊“意義”,這些景觀區域構成了旅遊地的“意象區”。
旅遊意象塑造的“地方觀”及其空間建構原理還處於學術爭論階段。但該理念應用前景比較廣泛,可為城市規劃中城市形象的塑造、建築設計中人性場所的設計、社區形象與鄰里氛圍的塑造等提供基礎、原理與方法。
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摘要:
地方是一個充滿經濟社會文化意義的空間,人們日常生活行為承載的地點也稱為場所,地點理論從人的認知角度來認識人與地方之間的關系。旅遊地是一個具有多重行為意義的空間,旅遊的地方特性彰顯出旅遊地的地方感,人對地點特性感知基礎上,建構出旅遊地形象感知的差異。本文回顧分析國外地方理論研究進展,從地方依附感的旅遊學認知架構與旅遊形象建構角度,探討遊客地方依附感的形成與感知意象差異。最後從旅遊規劃與管理角度,提出地方理論應用旅遊學研究的現實意義。
Abstract: This article reviews the basicconnotations and progresses of placetheory in using the traveling researchfrom abroad, and analyzes the place attachmentapply to the research of tourism image. The author explores the relationship between tourism image and place attachment, the cognitive style ofthe place attachment, and the degree of tourist knowledge to the destination imagefeeling of the place attac hment. Based on the findings of this study, interms of management implications, it is suggested that to strength the perceptions toward particular tourism destination through cognitive image and affective image perceived the destination can raise the emotional bonding toward place destination by adding or improving the interpretative service or activity program in tourism destination.
Key words:place;place theory;place attachment;tourism image
(Source:http://www.mur.cn/nsfiles/fb19296b1ebd05f56fa105050de7f4ca09-05-12.pdf)
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