人們知道我對哲學家的要求,即站在善惡的彼岸,——超越道德判斷的幻想。這一要求源自一種見解,我首次把這見解歸納成一個公式:根本不存在道德事實。道德判斷與宗教判斷有一共同點,即相信不存在的實在。道德僅是對一定現像的闡釋,確切地說,是一種誤釋。和宗教判斷一樣,道德判斷屬於無知的一個階段,此時連實在的概念、實在與幻想的區別尚付之缺如,以致在此階段上“真理”僅僅是指我們今日稱為“想像”的東西。就此而言,道德判斷從未被認真看待,作為這樣的東西,它始終只包含著悖理。但它作為征候學卻總是價值非凡:它(至少對有識之士來說)顯示了文化和內心世界的珍貴實在,這一實在不太懂得“理解”自己。道德只是記號,只是征候學,一個人必須業已知道自己為何行動,才能從道德中獲得益處。
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