文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
同江幼農君閑談。說動植物名最不好辦,不但中外古今難以溝通,即同一俗名也常有地方的界限,不能通用。例如螻蛄,我們一聽這個名稱,即立想到那替曲蟮叫了一世的形似蟋蟀的蟲,北方則不能通行,郝豁行在《爾雅義疏》的註裏特別添上北邊的俗名“拉拉蛄”一項。蟲旁翟叟二字我們鄉下也認識,讀作其休,是蜈蚣似的多足蟲,江南雲蓑衣蟲,北方稱錢串子,或曰錢龍,以前者為更普遍。江君雲別又有所謂蓑衣蟲,系蛾類的幼蟲,織碎葉小枝為囊以自裹,負之而行,案此即《爾雅》之蜆縊女,因為它附枝下垂,古人觀察粗率,便以為縊,郝氏斷之曰,此蟲吐絲自裹,望如披蓑,形似自懸而非真死,舊說殊未了也。我們鄉間稱之曰袋皮蟲,《爾雅翼》雲俗呼避債蟲。披蓑有漁人或農人的印象,袋皮已淪為癟三,避債的聯想更為滑稽,縊女則太悲慘了,我們想起山西省婦女自殺的統計,覺得這種事實還未消除①,難怪古人那麽的說。我不知道這在北京叫作什麽,仿佛沒有看見過,要有也未必叫蓑衣蟲了吧,因為在北方蓑衣極少見,其實秋天雨並不小,雖或缺乏棕皮,但也可以用別的草制的,不知何以不用。唐人詩雲,孤舟蓑笠翁,獨釣寒江雪,這種情景在黃河以北實在是難被了解,不但寒江不能釣,就是蓑笠也是很生疏的東西,讀了不會發生什麽興趣。
①周作人在本年3月20日所寫《男性中心思想》一文中曾談到:“據山西婦聯會統計,去年一月至十月共發生婦女人命案四百六十四件,其中自殺占百分之七五……在原因上則出於中國傳統之男性中心思想為封建社會的三綱主義的核心,禍害甚大,但勢力也極頑強,很不易征服”。 (1950年9月作,選自《知堂集外文·亦報隨筆》)
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