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Comment by Place Link on March 21, 2024 at 7:24am

 A History of Pahang

CHAPTER II.THE PRE-MALACCAN PEOPLE.

In the seventh century A.D. a kingdom called by Chinese chroniclers San Fo-ts'i which has been identified by Dr. Coedes with the Malay Seri-Vijaya with a capital, at one period, situated in Palembang, became predominant in the Malay Archipelago and the Peninsula. This empire has been thought to be the contem- porary Zabug or Zabag of Arab geographers. In 1225 A.D. the Chinese writer Chau Ju-Kua, apparently describing conditions in the preceding century, records that Pong-fong (Pahang) was one of the dependencies of San Fo-ts'i. Another vassal state of San Fo-ts'i was Tan-ma-ling, to which place we shall return presently. The Tao i chik lio written by Wang Ta-Yuan in 1349 makes mention of P'eng K'eng (Pahang) and Pa-tu-ma (?Pulau Tioman) among other regions.

According to the Nagarakrtagama, composed in 1365, Pahang, Ujong Medini (Johore), Muar, Langkasuka, Kelantan, Trengganu, Paka and Dungun, Tumasik (Singapore), Sang Yang Ujong (Sungai Ujong), Kelang and Kedah were tributary states of Majapahit. To this list of the Javanese empire's dependencies the " Chronicles of Pasai " add various islands off the east coast of the Peninsula including Pulau Tioman, Pulau Tinggi, Pulau Pemanggil and Pulau Laut.

The History of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1643)1 presents a picture of Pahang in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries: " Pahang is situated at the west of Siam. In the year 1378 the king, Maharaja Tajau, sent envoys with a letter on a gold leaf, and bringing as tribute six foreign slaves, and products of the country. They were received according to the established rules. "

[Pg.16] In the year 1411 the king, Pa-la-mi-so-la-ta-lo-si-ni sent envoys carrying tribute. In 1412 Cheng Ho went as an envoy to their country, and in the year 1414 they sent tribute a gain.

"In the year 14.16 they sent tribute together with Kalikut and Java, and Cheng Ho was again ordered to go there.

" The soil of this country is fertile; the climate is always warm, and rice is abundant there; they make salt by boiling sea water, and wine by fermenting the sap of the coconut tree.

" The higher and lower classes are on a very intimate footing, and there are no thieves ; they are very superstitious regarding demons and spirits, making their images of fra- grant wood, and sacrificing men. to them, m order to avert calamities or to pray for happiness. "

Amongst the articles which they brought as tribute were elephant-teeth, camphor baros, olibanum, lignum aloes, sandal wood, pepper, sapan-wood, and such more .... "

（1）Book 325, quoted in " Notes on the Malay Archipelago " by W. P. Groeneveldt: Miscellaneous Papers relating to Indo-China, 2nd Series, Vol. I, London, 1887, p. 256. 1936) Royal Asiatic Society.

Comment by Place Link on February 24, 2024 at 9:12pm

Tajau of the Chinese chronicler may be Tanjong, and the reference may be to the northern head-land of the estuary of the river Pahang which was known to sea-farers as TanJong Pahang, " Cape Pahang."

Pa-la-mi-so-la-ta-lo-si-ni was almost certainIy the Chinese rendering of Parameswara Telok1 Chini, " the prince of Chini Haven." Chini, which, in Siamese, means gibbon, gives its name to a mountain, a lake, a stream and a village situated about forty miles from the mouth of the river Pahang. There pre-Malaccan remains have been found. （3） In the same locality is Luit, with a village Singgora called after the capital of Patani, where, too, there are traces of pre-Malaccan habitation.3 Except on the banks of the river, Chini is still jungle-clad, and little investigation has yet been done. For the Malays, Lake Chini has associations with the past : in their eyes the lake and its adjoining mountain are sacred, and they credit the place with the possession of a white crocodile styled Seri Pahang: "the glory of Pahang." It is possible that the lake did not always exist in its present form and that it covers the site of an ancient town. Only when the jungle gives up its secrets will the truth be known.

[pg 17]  Assuming the correctness of these identifications, we then have, in 1378 A.D., a king at Tanjong Pahang known by the designation of Maharaja, and, in 14ll A.D., at Chini, a ruler with the style of Parameswara4, a title also used by the founder of Malacca. Did these two kingships exist contemporaneously or do both titles refer to the same undivided line of rulers with merely a change o[ residence, or is it to be supposed that between 1378 and 14ll the king at Tanjong Pahang was displaced by the Chini potentate? These are questions which cannot, at present, be answered.

We are told by d'Eredia that the kings of Pahang ruled only the coastal region. We know that the ruler of Pahang, at the date of its conquest by the Malacca Malays about 1454, bore the title of Maharaja. There is reason to believe that, at least as far as the people were concerned, apart from their rulers, the region of Kampong Melayu near Chini was at one time the boundary between the Malays and another race.1

2 Menangkabau: telok, a bay, or a bend in the river, commonly used in the expression telok rantau
"the bends and the reaches " of a river.

3 J. M. B. R. A. S., Vol. VI, Pt. IV, 1928, p. 79.

4 Journal, F.M.S. Museums, Vol. IX, Pt. 2, 1920, p. 152.

5 Dr. P. V. van Stein Callenfels points out that the term Parameswara seems to have been, in mediaeval times, in Majapahit and Bali the special title of the non-royal husband of a ruling princess, and that the word where it occurs in old inscriptions, designates the consort of a queen.

7 J. M. B. R. A. S., Vol. VI, Pt. IV, 1928, p. 81. 1 " Report on the Golden Chersonese," translation by J. V. Mills (J. M. B. R. A. S., Vol. VIII, P t. I, p. 233). 

Comment by Place Link on February 23, 2024 at 2:56pm

The Hsing-ch'a Sheng-lan, written in 1486 by Fei Hsin, a Chinese Moslem and an Arabic scholar, gives the following interesting account of Pahang and its people :

" This country is situated at the west of Siam ; it is surrounded by rocky ridges of mountains, which, seen from a distance, have the appearance of a table-land. The ground is fertile, and they have abundance of rice. The weather is often very warm.

"Their customs cannot be much praised; they make human images of fragrant wood, and kill people in order to make a sacrifice of the blood, when they pray for luck or try to ward off evil.

" Men and women have their hair in a knot, and are clad with a single piece of cloth. Girls of rich families wear four or five golden circles on their foreheads, and the daughters of the common people use strings of coloured glass beads instead.

" They boil salt out of sea-water, and make wine by fermenting rice-gruel. " Products of the country are lignum-aloes, camphor, tin and a kind of wood used in dyeing. Articles of import are gold, silver, coloured silks, Java-cloth, copper and iron- ware, gongs, boards, etc."

[pg. 18] According to d' Eredia, Pahang was the second Malay kingdom in the Peninsula, in succession to Patani, and flourished before the founding of Malacca ; the ruler of Pahang in the latter part of the fourteenth century, a relative (by marriage) of Parameswara, first ruler of Malacca, was Lord of Ujong Tanah (the southerly part of the peninsula including Singapore).

d'Eredia 2 records that .: " Pan was the second seat of the Empire of the Malaios ; its site lies on the eastern coast of the Peninsula in three degrees of North latitude; the port is just as much frequented by merchants, because of the gold from its auriferous mines : it contains the best and largest gold-mines in the whole Peninsula : it was from here, one presumes, that there came the gold which formed the subject of the ancient trade with Alexandria .... "

The same chronicler writes : （8） " It is to be noted that the eastern coast of Ujontana was peopled and frequented before the other 01:  western coast : thus the histories relate that Malayos, was inhabited Pattane and Pam before the foundation of Malacca. "

Comment by Place Link on February 22, 2024 at 4:42pm

At that time the ruler of Pam governed Syncapura : and the monarch who resided in Pathane, the metropolis of the Malayos, was tributary to the empire of Syam, for right clown to the present day the Malayos regard the latter as their master: while the head of the principal empire and administration was the Emperor of Attay .... "

He adds : ·' Permicuri,2 by birth a Jao of Palimban in Samatta or the Golden Chersonese allied himself in marriage with the lords and monarchs of Patane and Pam who belonged to the family of the Malaios .... " 3

[Pg 18]

This first Malaccan potentate chose Malacca as his headquarters about the end of the 14th century. cl'Eredia relates that:

" Permicuri selected this spot in the interests of his own safety, for he stood in fear of the ruler of Pam, over-lord of the countries of Ujontana, who was making warlike preparations to capture him, in consequence of the treachery which Permicuri had perpetrated in Sincapura, when he assassinated the ' Xabandar ' who was telated to the lord of Pam, despite the kindness which the ' Xabandar' had shown at his house in Syncapura, when Permicuri took refuge there in his flight from his father-in-law the Emperor of Java Major .... " 4

In the same chapter d'Ereclia calls Permicuri the " flrst king of the Malayos." According to d'Albuquerque's "Commen- taries," it was the ruler of Palani of whom Permicuri stood in fear, and the murdered chief's name was Tamagi.

d'Eredia (12) states that the religion of Islam was in introduced into Patani and Pahang before it was accepted by "Permicuri at Malacca in the year 1411." That statement is certainly true of Trengganu (which at that time appears to have formed a province of Patani), and is probably true of Pahang, though we have no other evidence to show that Islam was practised in the country before 1454.

Mahayana Buddhism, on which were superimposed Tantric orgies involving human sacrifice, had reached the Malay Peninsula about the 8th century. Its influence in Pahang, I though it waned with the introduction of Islam as the State religion about 1454, may be traced up to the beginning of the  17th century.

In the 12th century the kingdom of San Fo-ts'i began to decline, and by the 14th century, in the south, the east-Java state of Majapahit had become predominant, while, in the north, by 1292, the Siamese (Thai) kingdom, with its capital at Sukhodaya, had emerged.

8. d'Eredia's "Description of Malacca," translation by J.V. Mills, loc. cit., p. 3
9. An incorrect rendering of Parameswara.
10. aop. cit., p. 57.
11. op. cit., p. 16.
12. op. cit., p. 49.
13. JRAS (Journal Malayan Branch [Vol. XIV, Part II, History of Pahang. 9 ~

A vassal of San Fo-ts'i, according to Chau Ju-Kua, was Tan-ma-ling. Gerini (13) identified this country with Kuantan, a district of Pahang, on the ground that the north promontory of the Kuantan river was called Tanjong Tembiting, '' Cape Ternbeling.''

Comment by Place Link on February 21, 2024 at 8:31am

Candrabhanu a king of Ligor who, according to the Jaiya inscription (which has now been discovered to have come from Ligor and not from Jaiya or Chaiya). styled himself Seri Dharma- raja and Lord of Tambralinga, the Ceylonese "Mahavamsa" tells us, led two hostile expeditions against Ceylon about the middle of the 13th century with Javaka (Malay) forces. (14)

By 1292, Ligor had become the extreme southern limit of the Thai kingdom of Sukhodaya (Sukhothai). Now Logor has been widely accepted as being the Tan-ma-ling of Chan Ju-Kua 15 and the Tambralinga of the Jaiya inscription. There are two localities in Pahang which are suggestive of the name given by the Chinese chronicler: the river Tembeling which, the discovery of numerous Neolithic and early iron-age implements there indicates, was at one time a thickly populated district, and Tanjung Tembeling the northern headland of Kuantan river. Was there a connection between these places and Logor?

The history of the Ming Dynasty states that the Pahang ruler who sent envoys to China in 1378 was called Maharaja, the same style as that  affected by the King of Logor. When the Malacca forces conquered Pahang about 1454, according to the Malay Annals, (16) they found there a “Siamese” prince with the title Maharaja Dewa Sura, king oi Logor (who bore the same title as that of the prince who ruled in Pahang about 1454), on the instruction of the king of Siam invaded Pahang.，following the route Tembeling.

It is not unlikely that this invasion state was in reassertion of a pre-Thai Suzerainty , that is to Ligor, the Tan-ma-ling of the Chinese and the Tambralinga of the Jaiya inscription, that we must look at least during one period, for the origin of the pre-Malaccan rulers of Pahang., and that it was the men of Ligor who give the name of their country Tan-Ma-ling to the river Tembeling, (18)，a highway of communication between Pahang and the north, and to Tanjung Tembeling at Kuantan, the only safe anchorage for their fleet on the coast during the season of the north-east monsoon (19), and the port of access to the rich tin mines of Sungai Lembing. To Ligor, a state powerful enough to invade Ceylon twice during 13^th cebtury , the conquest of Pahang must present no great difficulty.

Comment by Place Link on February 20, 2024 at 10:18am

With the subjugation of ligor by Sukhothai about 1280 the suzerainty over Pahang fell to the Thai in the 14^th Century. In the same century Pahang suffered an invasion from Majapahit which thereafter claimed that State as one of its conquests. This raid may have had no lasting effect (20), thought it appeared that it resulted in inter-marriage between members of the ruling family of Majapahit and the princes of Pahang. The Thai over-lords of Ligor apparently did not interfere with the Ligor dynasty in Pahang but they, too, may have contracted marriage alliances with the Pahang royal family. The new empire had arisen in the nor contented itself with exciting tribute from Pahang and establishing settlements in the country.

The Pre-Malaccan people of Pahang lived by mining gold, tin, and iron and planning rice. They left many traces; irrigation works, mine workings, remains of brick building, specimens of Sawankalok pottery, and probably the pottery industry at Kuala Tembeling which has survived through years to the present days. The pre-Malaccan occupied the Tembeling, Thet can be traced as far as south as the Merchong. They extended into the Pahang and the Jelai;their tracks can be found along lake Chini up to the Headwaters of the Rombin; in the old Selinsing mines scoops of Palas wood used by them have been discovered. They left numerous relics in gold-working at Tresang and Sempore. They make their way to bebar, They established settlements at Jeram Kuai (Koi) and Jong Berlabon on the Tembeling, at Lubok Pelang, Lubok Paku, at Chini, at Langgar, at Pengkalan Durian in Ulu Bebar, at pura, and else where. Their occupation is commemorated by the nomenclature of places such as Chini, Parit Siam, Tambak Siam, Lubang Siam (or Lumbong Siam),, Parit Siam, Sungai Lego (Ligor) a tributary of the Tekam in the vicinity of Kota gelanggi. (21)

(Chapter 2, The Pre-Malaccan People, in A History of Pahang, W. Linehan, Silverfish Malaysia Classic Series 18, 2020, Pakka English Enterprise, pg. 15-22, Previously published as Volume XIV Part II, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society in May 1936 )

Comment by Place Link on February 17, 2024 at 9:08am

JALAN PENARIKAN--LALUAN SEJARAH iR I JEMPOL

Oleh: Norhalim I-Ij. Ibrahim dan Jamaludin bin Samsudin

Pendahuluan

Jalan Penarikan yang juga dikenali sebagai Londar Siam adalah sebatang jalan darat tertua diketahui di Semenanjung Malaysia dan merupakan jalan alternatif kepada jalan laut, iaitu melalui Temasik (Singapura sekarang) di selatan Semenanjung Malaysia, yang agak jauh dan berbahaya pada musim monsun. Jalan ini menghubungkan dua batang sungai iaitu Sungai Serting di sebelah utara yang mengalir masuk ke Sungai Bera yang pula mengalir ke Sungai Pahang dan Sungai jempol di selatan yang mengalir masuk ke Sungai Muar (lihat Lampiran A). Kedua-dua sungai ini terletak di daerah Jempol, Negeri Sembilan. Jarak terdekat di antara kedua-dua sungai ini adalah kira-kira 0.6 km. Di sinilah letaknya Jalan Penarikan (lihat Lampiran B).

jika hendak ke, Jalan Penarikan, para pedagang harus memudiki Sungai Muar (jika dari pantai barat), kemudian Sungai Jempol hingga ke pengkalan di Kampung Bukit Laka sekarang. Dari pengkalan itu, perahu-perahu ditarik melintasi kawasan darat ke pengkalan yang terletak di Sungai Serting. Dari pengkalan ini perahu-perahu menghiliri Sungai Serting, masuk ke Sungai Bera dan akhir sekali Sungai Pahang hingga sampai ke kuala iaitu bandar Pekan sekarang.

Perbuatan menarik perahu sepanjang kira-kira 0.6 km. menyebabkan laluan itu dinamakan Jalan Penarikan.

(Pix) Bahagian Sungai Jempol di mana Jalan Penarikan bermula, menunjukkan bekus terusan yang tidak siap

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Comment by Place Link on February 17, 2024 at 9:07am

Catatan Sejarah

Sejarah awal Jalan Penarikan ini tidak diketahui dengan tepat kerana tidak ada catatan khusus tentangnya.  Pernyataan tentangnya hanya diperoleh daripada dokumen lain yang secara kebetulan menyebutnya. Jalan ini dikatakan

telah mula digunakan oleh pedagang-pedagang dari pantai barat Semenanjung seperti Kelang dan Muar untuk ke pantai timur (termasuk Siam) dan sebaliknya, dalam urusan perdagangan di samping sebagai jalan pergerakan tentera, sejak Izaman kerajaan Langkasuka dalam abad pertama tahun Masihi. Jalan ini jugs

menjadi jalan laluan darat utama, untuk tujuan yang sama, dalam zaman kerajaan Majapahit kira-kira pada abad ke-13 dan ke-14 tahun Masihi.

Mengikut cerita orang-orang tua, orang Siam pernah cuba menggali satu terusan untuk menghubungkan Sungai Serting dan Sungai Jempol supaya tidak perlu lagi menarik

perahu   di   atas daratan. Usaha tersebut terpaksa diberhentikan kerana hampir semua mereka  mati  di-
sebabkan oleh sejenis penyakit.

Kesan penggalian itu masih ketara di tebing utara Sungai Jempol di tempat bermulaanya Jalan Penarikan itu.

(Pix) Sunga Sorting, di belakang kawasan Istana Sorting yang ada sekarang. Di sinilah satu lagi huiung lan Penarikan.

 
jalan Penarikan dalam Sejarah Melayu

Sejauh dan setakat mana jalan ini digunakan pada zaman awal tidak diketahui dengan tepat. Dokumen terawal menyebut Jalan Penarikan ini ialah buku Sejarah Melayu susunan Tun Seri Lanang atau Tun Muhammad Bendahara Johor pada kira-kira tahun 1612 Masihi.   Antara peristiwa berkaitan dengan Jalan Penarikan yang diceritakan oleh Sejarah Melayu adalah :

Jalan ini telah digunakan oleh Awi Cakri, panglima Siam untuk menyerang Melaka dari Ulu Pahang pada zaman pemerintahan Sultan Muzaffar Syah (1444 - 1456). Dalam peperangan ini Tun Perak telah memainkan peranan penting (Sejarah Melayu, 1992:67).

Pada zaman pemerintahan Sultan Mansur Syah (1456/9-1477), Bendahara Paduka Raja, atas titah sultan telah menyerang Pahang melalui Jalan Penarikan (Sejarah Melayu, 1992:73-74).

Sultan Mahmud Syah (1488-1511), telah menggunakan Jalan Penarikan untuk berundur ke Pahang setelah kerajaan Melaka jatuh ke tangan Portugis (Sejarah Melayu, 1992:204)

(JALAN PENARIKAN LALUAN SEJARAH iR I JEMPOL, Oleh: Norhalim I-Ij. Ibrahim dan Jamaludin bin Samsudin; dalam Warisan: Jurnal  Persatuan Sejaralt Malaysia, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan 22 [1999] mukasurat 28-45)

Comment by Place Link on February 16, 2024 at 6:51am

Jalan Penarikan Selepas Abad ke-16

Sebagai jalan alternatif kepada jalan laut, Jalan Penarikan sering digunakan sebagai jalan penghubung antara negeri-negeri pantai barat dengan negeri-negeri pantai timur Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, baik dalam aktiviti politik, sosial maupun ekonomi. Aktiviti ini, khususnya ekonomi dan sosial, adalah rutin, tiada tercatat dalam persejarahan dan pensejarahan negeri-negeri berkenaan. Namun, apabila timbul peristiwa luar rutin, persejarahan dan pensejarahan negeri-negeri Melayu menyebut tentang kehadiran jalan tersebut. Antara peristiwa bersejarah yang tercatat berkaitan dengan Jalan Penarikan ini ialah:

o Sultan Johor, Sultan Abdul jalil Shah II (1623-1677) telah dikalahkan oleh gabungan tentera Jambi dan Palembang pada sekitar bulan April/ Mei 1673 (Andaya, 1987:133). Beliau telah berundur ke Muar dan kemudian, melalui Jalan Penarikan, pergi pula ke Pahang.

o Dalam tahun 1830 telah berlaku peperangan di Seri Menanti antara Raja dan Datuk Bongkok (Penghulu Luak Ulu Muar) dengan Yamtuan

(Yang Dipertuan) Sati (Raja Labu)2 yang dibantu oleh Raja Kerjan3. Raja Labu telah kalah dalam peperangan ini dan Raja Kerjan telah melarikan diri ke Pahang' (Norhalim Hj. Ibrahim, 1995:195), mengikut Jalan Penarikan.

• Dalam tahun 1866 pula Wan Aman (Abdul Rahman), anak Bendahara Tun

Mutahir, Pahang bersama dua orang adiknya (Wan Da dan Wan Abdullah) telah datang ke Rembau dari Johor, menemui Datuk Sedia Raja Akhir (1843-1872), Undang Rembau.  Tujuan pertemuan itu adalah untuk mendapatkan bantuan ketenteraan5 di samping meminta izin membawa tenteranya melalui wilayah kerajaan Rembau untuk ke Jempol. Dari Jempol, dengan melalui Jalan Penarikan, mereka akan menyerang Pahang Barat dan sekali gus merebut kembali jawatan bendahara yang dirampas oleh bapa saudaranya, Wan Ahmad° (Cowan, 1961:39; Winstedt, 1962:216; Norhalim Hj. Ibrahim, 1995:245).

• Salah satu komoditi perdagangan penting yang dieksport menggunakan

Jalan Penarikan ini ialah emas. Menurut rekod China abad ke-17 bernama Hai-Itt (Riwayat Laut) di bahagian pedalaman Pahang telah terdapat lombong emas (Andaya dan Andaya, 1983:104).  Emas dari lombong berkenaan telah dibawa keluar melalui Jalan Penarikan (Jessy, 1961:45).

Daripada data dan contoh di atas nyata bahawa Jalan Penarikan ini telah wujud sejak zaman kerajaan Melayu Melaka lagi, pada abad ke-15. Pernyataan ini tidak mungkin dinafikah. Memandangkan bahawa aktiviti perdagangan antara bahagian pedalaman negeri-negeri Melayu dengan negeri-negeri kota yang ter-letak di bahagian pesisir Semenanjung Tanah Melayu telah lama berjalan, besar kemungkinan Jalan Penarikan ini telah digunakan lebih awal daripada itu; iaitu pada zaman keagungAt,,t kerajaan-kerajaan Langkasuka, Serivijaya, Palembang, Majapahit (abad ke-14) atau kerajaan Temasik (akhir abad ke-14). Semenjak abad-abad tersebut, jalan ini terus digunakan, sama ada dalam keadaan aman atau sebaliknya, sehingga awal abad ke-20. Kepopularan Jalan Penarikan ini mulai inerosot apabila kerajaan Inggeris membina landasan kereta api yang menghubungkan Bahau dengan Kuala Pilah dan kemudian dengan kawasan pantai timur Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Landasan kereta api tersebut telah siap dalam tahun 1931.

Comment by Place Link on February 15, 2024 at 1:59pm

Jalan Penarikan dan Pemberontakan Mat Kilau

Peminat sejarah dan orang-orang tempatan di Jempol sering mengaitkan jalan ini dengan pemberontakan Mat Kilau di Pahang. Mereka percaya bahawa dua orang ketua adat dari kawasan timur Negeri Sembilan iaitu Jempol dan Jelai, bersama pengikut mereka turut membantu Mat Kilau. Mereka ialah Panglima Muda Jempol yang dikatakan "berasal dari kampung Jempol di tebing Sungai Jempol" dan "Datuk Maharaja Perba Jelai, di Jelai". Kedua-dua orang ketua adat ini dikatakan telah bersama dengan orang-orang Mat Kilau menyerang pasukan Hugh Clifford di Kuala Lipis.

Kemudian, Panglima Muda Jempol telah menyerang orang Inggeris di Sungai Duni berhampiran kuala Sungai :Cirri dan berjaya membunuh dua orang pegawai Inggeris. Akibat serangan Panglima Muda tersebut, "sepasukan polis dari Pahang telah pergi ke Sungai Jempol, melalui Jalan Penarikan, dan menangkap 21 orang pengikut Panglima Muda Jempol. Bagaimanapun, Panglima Muda Jempol gagal ditemui". Selanjutnya peminat sejarah dan orang tempatan Jempol percaya bahawa Panglima Muda Jempol telah meninggal dan dikebumikan di Kuala Sungai Jempol. Mereka juga percaya bahawa sebuah pusara lqina yang tidak bertanda, terletak di bawah rimbunan pohon beringin, berhampiran dengan kuala Sungai Jempol (lihat gambar di bawah) sebagai pusara Panglima Muda Jempol yang terlibat dalam pemb7ontakan Mat Kilau.

Peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah yang disebutkan dalam naratif di alas memang tercatat dalam lembaran sejarah negeri Pahang. Misalnya serangan ke alas Hugh Clifford di Kuala Lipis oleh Mat Kilau itu berlaku dalam bulan Mac 1892. Dua orang pegawai Inggeris yang disebut itu ialah anggota Pahang Exploration Com-
pany dan peristiwa itu terjadi dalam bulan Apri11892. Memang benar ada pasukan polis yang diketuai oleh R. W. Duff "pergi ke Sungai Jempol".

Pusara lama yang tidal( hertanda terletak di awah rimbunan pohon beringin berhampiran Kuala Sungai Jempol yang dipercayai oleh peminat sejarah dun orang tempatan di Jempol sebagai pusara Panglima Muda Jempol.

Kesilapan atau lebih tepat dikatakan kekelirdan yang berlaku clalam naratif tersebut ialah salah faham tentang nama "Jempol", "Jelai" dan "Sungai Jempol". Nama-nama tersebut pada hakikatnya terletak dalam negeri Pahang iaitu di sekitar kawasan Chenor dan tidak dalam daerah Jempol, Negeri Sembilan seperti yang dikenal pasti oleh peminat sejarah clan orang-orang tempatan Jempol. Kekeliruan di sini ialah persamaan nama tempat (Jempol dan Jelai) dan nama sungai (Sungai Jempol) yang wujud di kedua-dua buah negeri (Negeri Sembilan dan Pahang) berkenaan. Beriku tan dengan kekeliruan ini nama kedua-kedua orang ketua itu juga turut diasosiasikan dengan ketua-ketua adat dari Jempol, Negeri Sembilan. Mereka menganggap. Panglima Muda itu berasal dari Kuala Jempol (Negeri Sembilan) dan Maharaja Perba pula berasal dari Jelai (Negeri Sembilan). Datuk Maharaja Perba Jelai dalam persejarahan dan pensejarahan Pahang dikenali juga dengan gelaran Tuk Raja.

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