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Deckson Bundak: What is BUAH DABAI?
Dabai is one of many exotic fruits in Sarawak.
It is commonly known as orkana - means 'black olive' in Hokkien, but technically it is not an olive.
The dabai tree can grow up to 21 meters high and it's furry leaves are thin and its twigs are covered with golden down. A planting distance of 9 meters is recommended. You need to prune the young trees to produce more bushy growth.
Dabai trees are dioecious (i.e have separate sexes) with male and female trees required for fruiting! Dabai are white in colour when immature and turn black when ripe. They are oblong in shape like an olive and have thin, edible skin. The yellowish white flesh wraps around a three-angled seed. Soak the dabai in hot water until they are soft.
The yellowish flesh tastes creamy. Eating the skin is a personal preference. For taste, try either soy sauce or salt. You can also preserve it just by soaking them with black soy sauce or with coarse salt (without the seed). Dabai fried rice is a specialty dish in Sarawak. However this is a seasonal fruit.
The second best thing that comes out from a fruit is the nut inside the seed. Crack it open with a mortar and pestle set; the good old-fashion way. Use a toothpick to remove the nut if necessary.
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Albums: 中國地理標誌 China Geographical Indication
Location: Maritime Silk Route
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陳明發〈黑橄欖〉
在社媒上看見砂朥越友人發佈的黑橄欖照片,我想起當地土著叫buah Dabai的果子,是砂拉越的地理標識(Geographical Indications )之一。三十餘年前,妻子曾主編一本農業月刊,還請專人書寫過砂拉越具有農業開發價值的在地植物。若干年前有個單位計劃開發砂拉越土產的文創資源,委托我做了前期功課,黑橄欖是其中一項。後来沒下文了,我至今還是覺得很可惜。我們確實有很多很多無形資產,就潛藏在日常物產中。但因為決策人缺了必要的知識與洞見,恐怕還是得等有緣人。(13.12.2024)
田欣颖·沿路大城小镇风光好· 拉让江畔自驾游好去处~~拉让江,砂拉越第一大河,也是马来西亚最长的河流,河长563公里,从加里曼丹的伊朗山脉(Pergunungan Iran)流下,途经布拉吉、加帛、加拿逸、诗巫、泗里街、依干、达佬、达叻、沐胶等大小城镇,注入南中国海。这些沿着拉让江的大城小镇,常有耳闻,却一直未有机会探访。
于是,我和旅伴Nick Jansen,决定走一趟拉让江下游,从诗巫出发,前往少为人知的布鲁依岛(Pulau Bruit)、探索马兰诺人的家园达叻和沐胶。最后,再沿着诗巫—沐胶大道,返回目的地。
诗巫马来甘榜以“糯米条”(Pulut Panggang)闻名。旅伴Nick对马来糯米饭赞不绝口。
来诗巫必尝福州料理
诗巫,一座以福州人为主的城市,也被喻为“新福州”和“天鹅城”。这是一座生活节奏较为缓慢的城市,保留了大量的旧建筑和老行业。走进老城区,感受着当地淳朴的生活气息,听着当地的福州乡音此起彼落,时间也仿佛静止在上个世纪的旧时光。
在诗巫,随处可见天鹅雕像。因此,诗巫也被喻为“天鹅城”。
来到诗巫,当然不能错过道地的福州料理。干拌面、福州鸡汤面线、红糟料理、鼎边糊、光饼、征东饼等,这些都是不可错过的美食清单。除了品尝道地美食,诗巫的中央市场也是必逛景点。这个号称全马最大的中央市场,一共有1118个档口。据说这是为了纪念黄乃裳垦主从福州带来1118名垦民到诗巫从事开垦工作。市集内除了贩卖新鲜蔬果、海鲜等,也有原住民从森林里采集的野菜野果。最有趣的,你还可以看到“纸包鸡”——用报纸包裹活鸡。
随后,我们便到诗巫的甘榜西里购买马来蕉叶香辣糯米条。这带有蕉叶清香、黏糯口感的糯米条是最佳的充饥食品。接着,我们便启程出发,前往下一站—达佬(Daro)。
见识300年历史伊班部落
诗巫与达佬之间的路程偏远,需费时2到3小时。我们途经峇旺阿山,顺道拜访了拥有300年历史的伊班部落,与当地村民做交流。
前往达佬,需搭渡轮,进入一个名为布鲁依(Bruits)的大岛。从地图来看,布鲁依岛是一座被巴罗河和拉萨河隔开的孤岛,而这个孤岛却是马来西亚第二大岛。不过,这里地广人稀,只有13座马来和马兰诺渔村散落在这座大岛上。
无论是前往或离开布鲁依岛,都需要乘搭渡轮。
我们在布鲁依岛上有幸参观亚答糖制作。热情的马兰诺阿姨和叔叔也为我们展示如何熏虾干,并招待我们吃美味的马来糕点。
我们在布鲁依岛的马兰诺村庄见到传统的亚答糖制作。
这段路程很漫长,延绵不断的亚答芭和油棕芭是唯一的风景。然而,我们却非常享受在布鲁依岛上,缓缓行驶
抵达达佬(Daro),已近黄昏。我们入住当地的小旅馆,并在隔壁的小食馆享用美味的海鲜料理。酒店楼下的超市老板也热切地与我分享达佬的历史的故事。原来,达佬开埠历史可追溯至100年。华人大多从事鱼产收购和其他贸易活动,当地的马兰诺人大多从事捕鱼。其中,就以一种咸淡水鱼“刺壳”最受饕客欢迎,带动当地的渔业经济。经老板的推荐,当地马兰诺妇女也制作一种名为“Pupus”的香辣鱼虾肉卷。我们特地驱车前往这座渔村,享用这一道美味的传统小吃。
翌日清早,我们离开达佬,前往达叻。途中,我们拜访玛都小镇。这个偏远小镇,最让我惊喜的,这里保留了上百年的木造店屋,而且十分完好。据70岁的杂货店老板分享,他的孙子已经是玛都的第五代华人。接着,我们便前往甘榜索(Kampung Sot)参观世界仅存,拥有150年历史的马兰诺长屋。
玛都的甘榜索保留仅此唯一的马兰诺长屋。
渡轮是我们这趟旅程中频密使用的第二交通工具。我们再次使用渡轮渡河,方能抵达彼岸——依干(Igan)。从依干前往达叻(Dalat),又是另一段漫长驾驶旅程。长途漫漫,我们决定在乌也小镇稍作休息,并前往一家马兰诺住家式的虾饼制作坊购买炸虾饼,作为伴手礼。
夕阳西下,拉叻伊干江景美得让人陶醉其中。
经过一日漫长的驾驶,我们终于来到达叻。这座美丽的小镇有一座漂亮的河滨公园。达叻河滨公园有一座可以登上三楼的瞭望塔,可以360度俯瞰依干河景。我们也跟随着当地的朋友,乘船到对岸的马兰诺村庄做客,并向马兰诺老奶奶学习制作传统遮阳帽。热情的马兰诺朋友一家还特别地准备传统料理和糕点,让我们品尝。
我们得悉马兰诺是一个善于制作硕莪食品的民族。于是,第二天清早,我们便到到甘榜孟东西里拜访一家传统的硕莪粒制作坊。硕莪粒制作真不容易,制作工序相当复杂。妇女们还得长时间在高温的烧窑旁,不停地翻动硕莪粒。
沐胶逛市集吃海鲜
随后,我们便出发至沐胶。沐胶是这一趟自驾旅游的终点站。我们先是在沐胶市中心逛一逛,参观市集。这里的鱼贩除了售卖新鲜的海鲜,他们还是专业的鱼生师父。他们以利落的刀法,取出鱼肉切片,再搭配起酸青桔、小辣椒、洋葱丝、花生碎,就是一盘美味的鱼生(Umai)。
沐胶盛产的虾饼,是我们必买的伴手礼。
旅程的最后一站,我们决定入住甘榜迪廉的“Lamin Dana”的马兰诺民宿。这一座仿造早年传统马兰诺高屋的民宿,是由Diana Rose和其家族所拥有。民宿除了招待访客,也是村里的小朋友学习传统舞蹈和音乐的文化中心基地。这里,也是学习制作硕莪峇迪绸的地方。我们也乘搭当地村民的小舢板,漫游迪廉河,并参观村民的硕莪林以了解马兰诺人的生计来源,也挑战生吃硕莪虫。
甘榜迪廉仍保留了传统的“Jurenei”墓碑。
挑战生吃硕莪虫,绝对需要勇气。
深度的自驾游,并不只是一味地享受行驶的乐趣,更多的是,我们总能随心停下来,参与当地居民的日常,了解当地的地理环境,了解不同民族的文化和习俗。(星洲日報 29.6.2024)
砂拉越特色小鎮地理標識·黑橄欖
砂拉越特色農作十指數不清,而近幾年在國內外市場名堂響當當的就有黑橄欖。這種砂州獨有的天然山果營養成份相當高,可加工制成果醬、果幹、脆餅、蛋糕等。不止帶來舌尖上的享受,它還可以制成沐浴香皂,果核也能成炭用來燒烤食物,總之壹身都是寶!
砂拉越黑橄欖(Dabai Sarawak)的原生地在砂拉越河岸,尤其在詩巫、加帛及泗裏街河岸旁最容易看到黑橄欖樹。早期黑橄欖只是本地人喜歡吃的壹種果子。盛產季節到來時,人們最愛將新鮮果實洗凈,投入熱水浸泡約10分鐘,果肉變軟再調點醬油和糖壹起吃,下飯也特別開胃。
多年前砂農業局聯合壹些大學、私人企業等單位,開始持續對黑橄欖做深入研究後,其更多用途就陸陸續續被發掘出來。研究發現黑橄欖營養豐富,且含有高抗氧化劑,加工成食品及美容產品都沒問題。
研究發現砂拉越黑橄欖的營養成份很高。
記者到訪實蒙谷農業研究中心采訪時,食品工藝研究員拉瑪慕茲麗就展示了多樣黑橄欖加工產品,如黑橄欖油、美乃滋、脆餅等。
“如今,坊間已廣泛將黑橄欖當作食材運用在日常餐飲中,包括其果皮及果肉可做千層糕、炒飯、沙律、三文治及冰淇淋,風味非常獨特。”
“果肉裏藏著果核,敲開後裏頭有核仁。取出來用烤箱烘幹,就有香香脆脆的黑橄欖核仁吃了。除了直接食用,還有很多吃法,可以添加蜜糖、芝麻做甜味黑橄欖核仁,也可以用來做餅幹等。”
“堅硬的果核還有壹個用處,可制成炭,燒烤食物時最適合派上用場。這種炭燃燒時煙少,且帶有壹股淡淡香味,很特別。”
堅硬的果核能成炭,最適合用來燒烤食物。
有了創新科技協助研發,黑橄欖的商業化發展之路走得更順暢。除了生產加工產品,砂農業局也成功研究出黑橄欖冷凍保鮮儲存方法,不但本地人受用,也有利於出口到外國。
由於黑橄欖屬於不耐久存,容易腐爛的水果,壹般采摘後2、3天便漸漸幹縮。經過壹系列科學研究,該局發現可將新鮮黑橄欖放置在冰箱的結冰層,直接冷凍保存。
根據研究人員的觀察與分析,冷凍半年後,黑橄欖皮的顏色會漸漸滲入其果肉裏,變得有點褐色,不過品質與營養成分仍能保留得很好,而最長的保存期可達1年。
冷凍黑橄欖的食用方法有兩種,壹是從冰箱取出來,用熱水直接沖泡。或者可放入涼水裏浸泡半小時解凍,之後再泡溫水,果肉變軟即可食用。
用途多多的黑橄欖經濟潛能無限,不但是砂拉越壹大特色,相信未來也將持續為國家帶來更高經濟收入。(東方日報 2014年12月12日)
The origin-linked quality virtuous circle
Certain food and agricultural products have a specific quality linked to their production origin that can make them famous as a result of characteristics linked to their local natural and human environment. This specific quality provides a product with the potential to play a role in a sustainable development process, inasmuch as local stakeholders can turn latent local resources into active assets, preserving and enhancing them, so that they receive society’s recognition and are better remunerated in markets.
This part of the guide describes the various stages in the methodology to be adopted for sustainable development based on the origin-linked quality virtuous circle.
Origin-linked products are those that can be differentiated as a result of their local identity or typicity. Their identification as GI products is justified by the particular local context in which they originate and that gives them a specific nature, quality or reputation in consumers’ eyes. Their anchoring in their production area allows a quality virtuous circle to be established, inasmuch as promotion of their origin-linked quality can generate positive economic, social and environmental effects, which can then be
reinforced over time thanks to sustainable reproduction of the local resources involved.
This virtuous circle corresponds to a value creation and preservation process with four main stages (see Figure 1), starting when local stakeholders gain awareness of the potential of the product and agree to launch a collective process. Added value is a result of consumers’ and market recognition of the product, and may if necessary be reinforced by official recognition and legal protection of the GI. The sustainability of this production and promotion system for the origin-linked product will depend both on remuneration from the market and on sustainable reproduction of local resources.
Figure 1: The origin-linked quality virtuous circle
The main stages in the origin-linked quality virtuous circle are:
1. Identification: growing local awareness and appreciation of the potential of the product.
2. Product qualification: establishment of rules for value creation and the preservation of local resources.
3. Product remuneration linked to its marketing and to management of the local system.
4 Reproduction of local resources, boosting the sustainability of the system.
5 Public policies providing an institutional framework and possible support for the
various stages in the circle.
Throughout this process, the role of both local economic actors (those involved in production and marketing) and external actors (government authorities, NGOs, research and development centres etc.) is vital. The institutional framework (public policies and regulations) also plays an important role in enhancing and preserving origin-linked quality. (Linking people, places and products,pg 2-3)
Wow!! It's the Bintulu belacan
Sarawak cake is a layered cake, traditionally served in Sarawak, Malaysia on special occasions. In the Malay language, they are known as Kek lapis Sarawak, Kek lapis Moden Sarawak, Kek Sarawak or Kek lapis. They are often baked for religious or cultural celebrations such as Eid ul-Fitr, Christmas, Deepavali, birthdays and weddings. People in Malaysia practice an open house on festival day. A unique feature of Sarawak's open houses is the modern layered cakes.
History
Modern Sarawakian layered cakes were introduced to the people of Sarawak from innovation inspired by Western cake-making in early 1980s. Therefore, contrary to popular belief, it has nothing to do with Indonesian layer cakes, based on the ingredients used in making the cakes.
In 2011, the history of Sarawak layered cakes once again change by a new generation (Sarawakian) of innovative natural layer cakes evangelist named Kek lapis Qalas Qalas.[citation needed] By introducing modern design and traditional layer, coupled with new flavors which inspired from home-made inspiration, each layer is tastefully interlaced with various natural flavours in between the original recipe, modern taste and knowledge from their ancestor.
Characteristics
Sarawakian modern layered cakes can be divided into two categories: cakes with ordinary layers and cakes with patterns, motifs, or shapes. All must have at least two colours. The cake can be baked in an oven or microwave. The batter uses butter or vegetable oil, milk and eggs, and requires a strong arm or electric mixer to be properly prepared. The baked cake has a high, firm texture and the layers are fastened together with jam or a similarly sticky sweet substance. More detailed cakes often require special moulds to maintain the perfect layer thickness.
Black Sarawak Pepper is grown on Borneo Island, in the State of Sarawak, in Malaysia. It is a product of Malaysia’s Pepper Marketing Board, which works directly with pepper farmers with whom it has had a very successful alliance since 1972. The PMB relies on the farmers for the highest quality fruit, and, in turn, the farmers are paid a premium for their efforts.
As it is the policy of the Pepper Marketing Board to deliver this value-added black peppercorn to its destination just twenty-four hours from the time it is picked, the PMB dries its berries indoors with a continuous flow of hot air. This is in contrast to black peppercorns from all other parts of the world, which are dried in the open air over long periods of time, robbing the spice of some of its wonderful aromatic qualities.
Black Sarawak peppercorns are among the best in the world. They are medium sized, with a bold flavor that blossoms into mingling flavors of fruit, cocoa, and woodsy spices. The flavor is milder than Tellicherry or Wynad. A delicious all-purpose peppercorn, grown and processed with care. A customer favorite.
In recent years the Malaysian Pepper Board has encouraged growers and processors to experiment with techniques aimed at increasing product quality rather than reducing costs, and these efforts are paying off. Freshly picked peppercorns are rushed for processing to preserve freshness and flavor and may go form freshly picked to dried and ready to package within 48 hours. This attention to quality is recognized, and top quality grades are in high demand (and largely absent from the USA market.) We are pleased to be able to offer this fine pepper.
Premium Sarawak pepper is a medium-sized corn with brown grayish hues. It has a mild flavor with a fresh aroma that is often described as fruity with hints of chocolate and syrah. Some of our customers prefer this variety to all others.
THE Malaysian Intellectual Property Organisation (MyIPO) has approved the registration of Litsara as trademark in class five and for Sarawak, and Litsea as geographical indication last year.
Both registrations were approved for a period of 10 years from Jan 28 last year to Jan 28, 2021, and are made to the Sarawak government.Applications to register these two properties were made by Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC) in January last year.
The Intellectual Property Certificates were presented to Chief Minister Tan Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud by MyIPO chairman Datuk Abdul Manan Ismail during the opening ceremony of Bio-Borneo 2012 here yesterday.
Litsea is a plant species, litsea cubeba, growing wild in the highlands of Sarawak. It is traditionally used as food flavouring and medication for stomach ailments by the Bidayuhs and Orang Ulus. Essential oil extracted from the leaves and fruits is aromatic and has strong anti-microbial properties.
The SBC’s analysis of this oil has identified a different chemical composition compared to litsea oil from other regions such as China, which is the main producer of the oil.
The Chinese litsea oil has high citral content and consumers with perfume allergy have been warned to avoid using products containing citral.
The uniqueness of Sarawak litsea oil has potentially put it as an alternative source in the world market.
The chemical composition of Sara- wak litsea has been confirmed by the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM) and Sirim Environmental Technology Research Centre.
Aside from the registration of Sarawak litsea, pharmaceutical and personal care products which utilise the essential oil will also carry the trademark litsara.
Sarawak litsea is among the 20 geographical indications currently registered in Malaysia. Other Sarawak geographical indications that have been registered are Sarawak Dabai, Bario rice, Sarawak pepper, Sarawak Beras Biris, Sarawak Beras Bajong, Sarawak Sour Eggplant and Sarawak Layered Cake (Kek Lapis Sarawak).
Midin - The Famous Sarawak Jungle Fernshoot - The plant that obeys an unusual law....Out of 10 Sarawakians you asked, probably 9 or more (meaning 10?) will tell you that Midin is very unique to Sarawak. Claimed to be unique? Well, it is abundant in Sarawak Jungles and since it is a jungle vegetation, don't you think that Indonesia will also have such a vegetation.
In fact, if you googled its scientific name, you will know that India, Cameroon and other places also have Midin as a dish. Whether unique of not is not important, what is important it captured the heart of the Sarawakians and it is delicious enough that all nationalities are not to reject!
Do you know how to differentiate Puncuk Paku and Midin (or Biling) as our native brothers called it? I am always confused and bought based on whatever representation the seller had said. Usually, only after I cooked, I will know whether it is paku or midin. Paku is more sticky when cooked and midin is more crunchy. Let this young men tell you the difference between Paku and Midin. Very informative and a good guide to differentiate Paku and Midin. By the way, i can get Paku in Singapore but not Midin. Why? Since both are equally perishable?
On the net, there are countless recipes of Midin and most well known Sarawak food bloggers will have their recipe for median. The link I have selected today is to show support to our Sarawakian new bloggers who help to promote Sarawak cuisines both in the traditional and innovative ways. She is a young lady who is now staying in West Malaysia and lets learn from her a detail description of Midin vegetation and her recipe.
Before I end, in one of the Star Newspaper Article, it was written “The plant obeys an unusual law — the more you pick, the more it multiplies. Cheers
愛墾網 是文化創意人的窩;自2009年7月以來,一直在挺文化創意人和他們的創作、珍藏。As home to the cultural creative community, iconada.tv supports creators since July, 2009.
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