《政治學》:古希臘·亞里士多德(公元前4世紀)吳壽彭譯。
亞里士多德總是包羅萬象的,他開創了教科書式的寫作風格,按邏輯分類,確保無遺漏,再分門別類地討論每個門類的特點和區別。
對於政體,亞里士多德跟隨柏拉圖的區分方法,正式定義出五種政體類型,列舉了數十個城邦的實例,分析優點和缺點。整個過程讀下來,確實有一種深入的細致無餘。亞里士多德熱愛中道,他的寫作永遠不像柏拉圖那樣詩意,但他永遠會是入門必讀的教材典範。
“公民們都有充分的資產,能夠過小康的生活,實在是一個城邦的無上幸福。如其不然,有些人家財巨萬,另一些人則貧無立錐,結果就會各趨極端,不是成為絕對的平民政體,就是成為單純的寡頭政體;更進一步,由最魯莽的平民政治或最強項的寡頭政治,竟致一變而成為僭政。僭政常常出於兩種極端政體,至於中產階級所執掌而行於中道或近乎中道的政權就很少發生這樣的演變。”
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