文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
(五)杜威知識論之貢獻
杜威知識論調和了理想主義與實在主義,在哲學知識論領域有下列四大貢獻:
1.調合理性主義與經驗主義之爭。
2.以科學實驗方法建立了解決問題思想的五大步驟:即
(1)發現一個疑難而待解決的問題;
(2)確定問題的性質;
(3)發生解決問題的臆說;
(4)推演臆說的涵義;
(5)繼續觀察…
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3.創造性
1.知識不是永遠不變的,知識是適應環境的需要,是可變的,可創造的。
2.實驗科學所認知的,並非認知作用前的實在界,而是以觀念作指導,於實在界所引起變化而得之結果,因此,知識不是摹擬實在界,而是具有前瞻性與創造性。
(三)事實與觀念的關係…
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一、杜威之知識論…
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參考文獻:
[1]約翰·杜威.確定性的尋求[M].傅統先,譯.上海:上海人民出版社,2005:3(序言).
[2]約翰·杜威.藝術即經驗[M].高建平,譯.北京:商務印書館,2010.
[3]芭芭拉·史古斯.中國語境下的“杜威”:朋友、惡魔與旗幟[J/OL].http://select.yeeyan.org/view/416626/
403865.…
Added by Baghdad Janim on January 17, 2019 at 8:44pm — No Comments
然而,杜威所堅持的一元論思想並未被受到真正的理解,各種主義之爭者也總喜歡以他為工具。實際上,杜威既非保守也非激進,準確地說他是一位改良主義者,他只是想根據自己的思想來消除他所看到的問題,他反對任何主義之爭。在美學上,杜威
反對那種將藝術品看成是固定的、自足而神聖不可侵犯之對象的傳統美學觀,預示了巴爾特、德裏達和福柯等後結構主義者的思想。但同時杜威的藝術觀點比較保守,他不欣賞後印象派以後的任何藝術流派,對先鋒派藝術持貶斥的態度。[2]3(譯者前言)在教育上,杜威批判了當時以赫爾巴特為代表的舊式教育,而尋求兒童與課程之間的連續性,但他同時也批判了那些打著“兒童是中心”旗幟的一些激進主義者,…
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