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Comment by Momogun 詩男 on June 4, 2021 at 6:46pm

Slow Movement

Carl Honoré, an advocate of the slow movement, discusses slow reading in his book In Praise of Slow· He recommends slow reading as one of several practices to decelerate from the fast pace of modern life· Laura Casey points out that the increasing availability of instant communication technologies, such as texting and social media like Facebook and Twitter, may be contributing to the decline of slow reading·

In 2008, novelist I· Alexander Olchowski founded the Slow Book Movement to advocate for reading practices related to the slow movement, including reading light material at a relaxed pace for pleasure, reading complex materials slowly for insight, reading materials of local interest and by local authors, and community building around local libraries and reading events·

While there is substantial research about involuntary slow reading, which can arise from a lack of fluency and is a predictor of dyslexia, there are a few studies which demonstrate the positive value of voluntary slow reading·

Nell (1988) showed that there is substantial rate variability during natural reading, with most-liked pages being read significantly slower· Sherry Jr· and Schouten (2002) suggested that close reading could have commercial application as a research method for the use of poetry in marketing·

Advocates of speed-reading point out that subvocalization slows the speed of reading, but studies by Carver found no other observable negative effect on the reading process, and observed that the slower pace seemed to improve comprehension·

Further reading

Miedema, John (2009)· Slow Reading· Los Angeles, CA: Litwin Books·

Sire, James (1978)· How to Read Slowly· Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press·

（https://en·wikipedia·org/wiki/Slow_reading）

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on June 1, 2021 at 10:11pm

Mark Bauerlein: Nietzsche on Slow Reading

In response to the article on slow reading, Karl Maurer sent the following citation from Nietzsche, written in 1886 near Genoa:

“Besides, we are friends of the lento, I and my book. I have not been a philologist in vain — perhaps I am one yet: a teacher of slow reading. I even come to write slowly. At present it is not only my habit, but even my taste — a perverted taste, maybe — to write nothing but what will drive to despair every one who is ‘in a hurry.’ For philology is that venerable art which exacts from its followers one thing above all — to step to one side, to leave themselves spare moments, to grow silent, to become slow — the leisurely art of the goldsmith applied to language: an art which must carry out slow, fine work, and attains nothing if not lento. Thus philology is now more desirable than ever before; thus it is the highest attraction and incitement in an age of ‘work’: that is, of haste, of unseemly and immoderate hurry-skurry, which is so eager to ‘get things done’ at once, even every book, whether old or new. Philology itself, perhaps, will not so hurriedly ‘get things done.’ It teaches how to read well, that is, slowly, profoundly, attentively, prudently, with inner thoughts, with the mental doors ajar, with delicate fingers and eyes. My patient friends, this book appeals only to perfect readers and philologists: learn to read me well!”

Funny that the philosopher-poet of uncertainty, of “the raging discordance of truth and art,” of becoming and not being, of will to power, of the impulse not to stabilize and fixate and freeze the rushing torrent of time and life should be a “friend of the lento.” What Nietzsche discerns out of the hustling pace of labor and productivity and efficiency is the phony claim of fastness to advancement and improvement.

More isn’t better, though, and neither is quicker — not necessarily, and not in matters of the mind. But speed itself has so much momentum, Nietzsche suggests, that slow reading becomes an adversarial force. In his heated rendition, reading “slowly, profoundly, attentively, prudently” is a contrarian act, not a plodding, old-fashioned bookwormish retreat. （see next column）

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on June 1, 2021 at 9:40pm

We are in a similar situation now in higher education. Young people today process more words than ever before and in faster time — allegro, not lento. To meet them, more classrooms and more course assignments follow suit, for instance, assigning blogs instead of papers, short readings instead of long ones. The unfortunate truth is that fast reading and fast writing don’t make people more flexible, more capable of slow reading and writing when the situation demands them. We need a mix, which means that more humanities professors need to recognize slow reading and writing as a meaningful activity, one that must be preserved against the tidal wave of texting, posting, chatting, networking, and other fifth-gear practices of our time.

But, after all, why must we proclaim so loudly and with such intensity what we are, what we want, and what we do not want? Let us look at this more calmly and wisely; from a higher and more distant point of view. Let us proclaim it, as if among ourselves, in so low a tone that all the world fails to hear it and us! Above all, however, let us say it slowly . . . This preface comes late, but not too late: what, after all, do five or six years matter? Such a book, and such a problem, are in no hurry; besides, we are friends of the lento, I and my book. It is not for nothing that one has been a philologist, perhaps one is a philologist still, that is to say, a teacher of slow reading: in the end one also writes slowly. Nowadays it is not only my habit, it is also to my taste—a malicious taste, perhaps?—no longer to write anything which does not reduce to despair every sort of man who is “in a hurry.” For philology is that venerable art which demands of its votaries one thing above all: to go aside, to take time, to become still, to become slow—it is a goldsmith’s art and connoisseurship of the word which has nothing but delicate, cautious work to do and achieves nothing if it does not achieve it lento. But for precisely this reason it is more necessary than ever today, by precisely this means does it entice and enchant us the most, in the midst of an age of “work,” that is to say, of hurry, of indecent and perspiring haste, which wants to “get everything done” at once, including every old or new book: this art does not so easily get anything done, it teaches to read well, that is to say, to read slowly, deeply, looking cautiously before and aft, with reservations, with doors left open, with delicate eyes and fingers . . . My patient  friends,  this  book  desires  for  itself  only  perfect  readers and philologists: learn to read me well!

Ruta near Genoa, in the autumn of 1886.

Friedrich Nietzsche, The Dawn: Thoughts on the Prejudices of Morality. Preface (to the Second Edition, 1887)

 (SEPTEMBER 22, 2008 Brainstorm)

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on May 30, 2021 at 8:48pm

拒絕套語：用耐心品味破解文字

如今我們的本能不是去深入思考問題，讓想法在大腦中沈澱，而是找到最直接、最現成的套話。——卡蘿·奧諾德《放慢生活腳步》

文本的信息汲取需要一個過程，因為信息從某些方面来說，是一個多元體的組合，也是多層次的，因此在快速閱讀中，可能會導致對更優質的信息的遺漏。所以“慢閱讀”可以使讀者充分的思考深入的思考。在快速閱讀流行的時代慢閱讀會讓讀者們享受閱讀的悠然自得。克服焦慮的閱讀感覺。

同時快速閱讀也不應該一味的是壞事，知識閱讀的效率提高的問題。有的讀者對閱讀的文本的注意力不夠或者閱讀的方法不夠科學，都會降低閱讀速度，這種慢閱讀實不可取的。

此外，文學與電影不同，電影是以直觀的畫面呈現在觀眾的面前，且轉瞬即逝，它本身就慢不下來；而文字表達則需要讀者在頭腦中將文字轉換成畫面，需要讀者調動自己的記憶、情感去破解文字的密碼，它需要耐心品味，在閱讀的過程中甚至要停下來想一想才能品出滋味，而不是一味地“快”。

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on May 26, 2021 at 5:29pm

Nietzsche: How to read well

“Let us proclaim it, as if among ourselves, in so low a tone that all the world fails to hear it and us! Above all, however, let us say it slowly…. This preface comes late, but not too late: what, after all, do five or six years matter? Such a book, and such a problem, are in no hurry; besides, we are friends of the lento, I and my book. I have not been a philologist in vain—perhaps I am one yet: a teacher of slow reading. I even come to write slowly. At present it is not only my habit, but even my taste—a perverted taste, maybe—to write nothing but what will drive to despair every one who is “in a hurry.” For philology is that venerable art which exacts from its followers one thing above all—to step to one side, to leave themselves spare moments, to grow silent, to become slow—the leisurely art of the goldsmith applied to language: an art which must carry out slow, fine work, and attains nothing if not lento. For this very reason philology is now more desirable than ever before; for this very reason it is the highest attraction and incitement in an age of “work”: that is to say, of haste, of unseemly and immoderate hurry-skurry, which is intent upon “getting things done” at once, even every book, whether old or new. Philology itself, perhaps, will not “get things done” so hurriedly: it teaches how to read well: i.e. slowly, profoundly, attentively, prudently, with inner thoughts, with the mental doors ajar, with delicate fingers and eyes.”  —Friedrich Nietzsche, The Dawn of Day. (trans. John McFarland Kennedy / Source: https://timesflowstemmed.com/) 

                   （Members of a Wellington, New Zealand, club gather weekly to read slowly / https://www.wsj.com/）

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on May 23, 2021 at 10:46pm

慢讀運動

慢讀，是指用足夠的時間，沈潛在一本書中，不急於“趕路”，而是“慢慢的欣賞”。美國教授托馬斯·紐柯克正在提倡“慢閱讀”，他認為這是從文字中發現更多意義和樂趣的一種方式。（Newkirk, Thomas (2011)· The Art of Slow Reading: Six Time-Honoured Practices for Engagement· Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books·）

米德馬 (Miedema, John [2009])稱，“慢閱讀”運動正在發展壯大。

2004年出版的《放慢生活腳步：全球化減速運動如何挑戰速度崇拜者》一書開啟了“慢生活”運動，此書作者卡爾·奧諾雷撰寫此書的靈感來自一次購書經歷。當時，他正在考慮是否要給孩子們購買一套《一分鐘睡前故事》的圖書，然而他突然意識到，他的“速度狂”問題已經失去控製了。

慢些，我們才能快些；因爲更準確 。慢下來才知道自己要什麼，才不會被這個紛繁的世界困擾，找準了方向看清了事情的本質，才能排除障礙勇往直前。

《戰爭與和平》的作者托爾斯泰的說法是：人生的價值，並不是用時間, 而是用深度去衡量的。

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on May 22, 2021 at 9:51pm

慢讀·情感受詩歌的節奏、韻律刺激

研究者發現，相比編織毛線、打橋牌，讀小說、詩歌能讓患者在一段時間內集中注意力，這在康復中起到了關鍵性的作用。患者在與文學角色的交流中，情感得以具象化，也會被詩歌的節奏、韻律所刺激。

一些老年癡呆病人，完全忘記了自己是誰、身在何處，對他們念詩，他們卻能背出70年前上學時學過的詩歌，並指出你哪一句背得不對，很明顯他們放鬆了。

懷疑論者稱讀書療法為江湖郎中的吹噓之辭，但20多年來相當多的支持性研究結果表明，藝術具有普遍性的康復效果，而文學則是針對性地產生作用。阿拉巴馬州的一項研究證明，讀書療法比單純服藥，更能降低抑郁症復發的概率，甚至對心血管病也有正向作用。

曼徹斯特大學老年病學教授雷蒙德·塔利斯（Raymond Tallis）持謹慎態度：“我做過多年臨床醫生，所以不會誇大文學在醫療中的作用。也不會有醫生送重病號一首詩。”

即便如此，他也承認他的老板在臨終前，最後幾週要靠海洛因泵來鎮痛，閱讀《戰爭與和平》也起到了巨大的臨終安慰作用。 （《文學書籍能救你的命嗎？》2015-07-31，來源：閱來網）

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on May 21, 2021 at 5:23pm

洪子誠·慢讀對專業讀者的要求

相較於普通讀者，慢讀更是對專業讀者的要求。當然，普通讀者與專業讀者之間沒有不可逾越的界限。對於文學研究者來說，閱讀的有效性首先來自感受力，但也是閱讀經驗艱苦累積的推動。

一個人長期閱讀會自然形成前面所稱的記憶庫。由於文學與特定政治、社會、經濟、哲學等相連，記憶庫里這方面相關的外緣性知識儲備不可或缺。


但文學也有自身的經驗、模式、成規的歷史，一部作品與其他作品在主題、情節、語言上的關係，作品細節背後的原型、模式、成規，以及如何從事物表象看出象征意涵，凡此種種，需要調動記憶的辨認能力和聯想能力。

因此，有效的閱讀者不僅要有歷史文化視野，也要對文學各文類的特質、它們的演變脈絡、它們帶有原點或準則性的經典文本形態，具有超越普通讀者的深入理解和把握。

達到這一目標沒有速成的路好走。從這個意義上說，慢讀——作為一種方式，作為一種閱讀能力——將是一輩子的事情。（洪子誠《談談慢讀傳統》）（2019-01-16 / 來源：人民日報）

                                                                               （Source：The Aureus Press）

延續閱讀 》

陳明發·放慢腳步

新加坡《慢讀》運動

陳明發《時間病患》

聚焦與聯想：慢閱讀革命

陳明發·慢而美 深而透

慢與記憶，快與遺忘

沙巴教育小鎮

讓想法在大腦中沈澱

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on May 19, 2021 at 10:10am

工作是樂趣，不是生活的支配

我們當中的許多人，享受著工作帶來的樂趣—把工作視為一種智力的挑戰、體能的消耗、一種社交活動，以及身份地位的體現。但如果讓工作支配我們的生活則是愚蠢的。生活中還有太多重要的事情需要我們投入時間，比如，朋友、家庭、愛好和休息等。（奧諾德《放慢腳步》[35]）

Comment by Momogun 詩男 on May 9, 2021 at 9:20am

傾聽：最好的策略

歐文·海勒是減慢時間學會的一員，他在自己的慕尼黑律師事務所，享受著放慢工作節奏帶來的好處。像眾多律師一樣，他過去奔波於同客戶的見面會，用10分鐘的時間去調查推斷案情摘要，接著就著手處理案子。

但他注意到過了不久，他總是要不斷給客戶打後續電話，有時由於出現方向性錯誤不得不(由原路)返回。"找律師的人心里大多有目標，比如為錢，還有他們不願明示的，如希望被承認，或為正義、為復仇等，"他說道，"要摸清客戶的深層願望需要時間，但你必須對這些情況有所了解，以便竭力為他們做得最好。"

現在，他與客戶初次面談往往需要兩個小時以上，這期間，他要對客戶的個性、基本情況、價值觀、目的和恐懼進行充分了解。結果，這位56歲、留山羊鬍子、有著淘氣下巴、性情活潑的海勒工作效率更高，他的事業也在蓬勃發展。"客戶總是對我說，其他律師只給客戶5分鐘的時間解釋他們的需要，把材料交給他後，就得離開，"他說道，"雖然我的方法看起來緩慢而傳統，但傾聽是最好的策略，最糟糕的是草率行動。"（奧諾德《放慢腳步》【41】）

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