文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
孝武將講《孝經》,謝公兄弟與諸人私庭講習。車武子難苦問謝,謂袁羊曰:“不問則德音有遺,多問則重勞二謝。”袁曰:“必無此嫌。”車曰:“何以知爾?”袁曰:“何嘗見明鏡疲於屢照,清流憚於惠風?”——《世說新語•言語》
孝武即晉孝武帝司馬曜,晉簡文帝第三子,在位二十五年,連慣於歌功頌德的正史也說他“耽於酒色”。文中的謝公兄弟即謝安和謝石弟兄。車武子即車胤,自幼學習發憤刻苦,家貧不能點燈就聚螢讀書。袁羊前人說是袁喬小名,但袁喬隨桓溫平蜀後離開了人世,不可能與孝武帝時的車胤對話,也可能是袁虎之誤。
孝武帝即位之初還想振作一番,裝模作樣地要學習儒家經典《孝經》。這下可忙壞了那些朝廷大臣,一時“仆射謝安侍坐,尚書陸納侍講,侍中卞耽執讀,黃門侍郎謝石、吏部侍郎袁宏執經,車胤與丹陽尹混摘句”,當時“中央政治局常委”全來侍候他讀《孝經》。車胤是一位學者型的朝官,對《孝經》中的疑難問題總要向謝安兄弟求教。文中的“難”就是現在所說的“不好意思”,“苦問”就是“沒完沒了地問”,這樣的次數一多他就覺得太打攪謝氏兄弟了,因而向好友袁羊傾吐內心的惶惑:“不問則德音有遺,多問則重勞二謝。”不問便錯過了學習的好機會,多問又怕給二謝添太多麻煩——問還是不問呢?
袁羊嶄絕肯定地回答說:“必無此嫌。”何以見得?袁的分析真是俏皮之致:“何嘗見明鏡疲於屢照,清流憚於惠風?”將謝家兄弟比為“明鏡”和“清流”,將車胤說成是“淑女”和“惠風”,無論是本體還是喻體都清麗高雅。用兩個形象的比喻把難以說清楚的復雜問題說得一清二楚,魏晉人應對言談的本領不得不讓人嘆服。
當然,這則小品明顯是在美化二謝,文中說俏皮話的袁喬在孝武帝時早已命歸黃泉,袁羊無疑是張冠李戴;車胤是當時一位飽學之士,二謝只能說比車胤位高,斷然沒有車胤學富,在學問上車胤實在沒有什麽要有求於二謝的。《續晉陽秋》載:“胤既博學多聞,又善於激賞,當時每有盛坐,胤必同之,皆云:‘無車公不樂。’太傅謝公遊集之日,開筵以待之。”可見,謝安也從不敢怠慢他。
事雖未必是真事,文則肯定是妙文。
愛墾網 是文化創意人的窩;自2009年7月以來,一直在挺文化創意人和他們的創作、珍藏。As home to the cultural creative community, iconada.tv supports creators since July, 2009.
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