文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
春節
農歷正月初一,古代稱元日,又稱正旦、元旦、元正、歲朝、年朝等。《尚書大傳》又稱正旦為歲只朝、月三朝、日之朝,故又稱撊瘮。
自從公歷紀年為主後,俗將公歷一月一日稱為元旦。農歷正月初一便不宜再稱元旦,以免混淆。因正月初一離立春節很近,故稱為春節。元日為一年之始,故官方民間,皆以為大節日。宋《野客叢書》雲:國家官私以冬至、元正、寒食三大節為大節日,七日假。
春節是民間最隆重的傳統節日。一般從農歷臘月最後一天(除夕)起至正月初五。除夕晚餐最為豐盛,煮豬頭豬尾(寓做事有頭有尾)、公雞、魚(寓年年有余),吃蔥(寓聰明)、蒜(有算計)、大雜菜(寓團結和睦),米中摻谷(得“谷子多”的吉利話),以熟食祭天地、竈君、祖宗,舉家歡聚,盡情吃喝。晚上,人人將腳洗幹凈(寓可有好運氣),年長者給年幼者“壓歲錢”,數角至數十百元不等。年輕人守歲到深夜,零點鐘聲敲過,競相燃放煙花爆竹,辭舊迎新。大年初一,早起搶頭水,在井邊燃香一柱,寓有好兆頭。趕早貼春聯(或頭天貼好),放鞭炮,穿新衣。起床時不催喊,在堂中撒零錢,任由孩子們早起而拾。不動菜刀(認為一年四季可平安),不掃地(認為會把財氣掃走),開大門時要念“財門大打開,金銀財寶滾進來”。早點吃蒸糕、米花,中飯吃湯圓(俗稱圓宵)或餃子,飯後皆出門玩耍。不少村寨耍龍耍獅子、唱花燈。
苗族春節期間,初一至初五“踩花山”(青苗語稱“奧道”),舉行隆重文娛活動,稱主辦人為“尤厚道”。有的過年時用糯米飯餵牛,牛角上貼紅紙,拉到井邊給牛“照鏡子”。正月初二、初四、初六這三天要殺豬祭“門主”,或稱祭“火龍豬”,祭時外人和婦女不得參加,漢族人不得偷看。認為祭過“門主”才能得到祖先庇佑,來年才能風調雨順、五谷豐登。另外,正月或二、三月全村寨在山坡上祭“火星”(即“火神”),以祈求寨內不發生火災。
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