文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
“刑不上大夫”是維護權力階層的道德尊嚴,這一層的道德由不下庶人的禮來規定執行。孔子入太廟每事問,非常謹慎,看來他對禮並非全盤掌握,可見禮的專業化程度,就像現在一個畫家進到錄音棚,雖然也是搞藝術的,仍要“每事問”。孔子大概懂刑,所以後來做過魯國的司寇,但看他的運用刑,卻是防患於未然,有兵家的“不戰而屈人之兵”的意思。
先秦以前世俗間本來是只靠刑來治理,所謂犯了什麼刑條,依例該怎麼罰。
“民可使由之不可使知之”。孔子反對當時晉的趙簡子將刑條鑄在鼎上公之於眾,看來刑的制定和彜器,規定是不讓“民”看到而知之。
大而言之,我體會“禮不下庶人”的意思是道德有區隔。刑條之外,庶人不受權力階層的禮的限制,於是有不小的自為空間。禮下庶人的結果,就是道德區隔消失,權力的道德規範延入俗世,再加上刑一直下庶人,日子難過了。
解決的方法似乎應該是刑既上大夫也下庶人,所謂法律面前人人平等,禮呢,則依權力層次遞減,也就是越到下層越寬松,生機越多。
你們看我在這裏也開起藥方來,真是慚愧。
愛墾網 是文化創意人的窩;自2009年7月以來,一直在挺文化創意人和他們的創作、珍藏。As home to the cultural creative community, iconada.tv supports creators since July, 2009.
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