The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 square kilometres (1,400,000 sq mi). The area's importance largely results from one-third of the world's shipping transiting through its waters, and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed. 

It is located:

south of mainland China, including the island of Taiwan, in the east;
east of Vietnam and Cambodia;
west of the Philippines;
east of the Malay peninsula and Sumatra, up to the Strait of Malacca in the west; and
north of the Bangka–Belitung Islands and Borneo

The minute South China Sea Islands, collectively an archipelago, number in the hundreds. The sea and its mostly uninhabited islands are subject to competing claims of sovereignty by several countries. These claims are also reflected in the variety of names used for the islands and the sea.

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Comment by 卡萊爾的書包 1 hour ago

沙巴東海岸石器時代古迹 (Bukit Tengkorak in Semporna)曾發現古窯,學者發現造陶的泥土是外來的,那裡呢?聖誕島。數千年前用什麼來載?就是樹木挖空而成的木舟。《詩經》提到過這類木舟

邶風·柏舟

泛彼柏舟,亦泛其流。

意譯:柏木船兒蕩悠悠,河中水波漫漫流。)《詩經》摘句(出自先秦佚名的《柏舟》)

《邶風·柏舟》是中國古代詩歌總集《詩經》中的一首詩,此詩以「隱憂」為詩眼、主線,逐層深入地抒寫作者的愛國憂己之情,傾訴個人受群小傾陷,而主上不明,無法施展抱負的憂憤。全詩五章,每章六句,直訴胸臆,徑陳感受,風格質朴,其最突出的藝術特色是善用比喻,而富於變化,另外其語言亦復凝重而委婉,激亢而幽抑,侃侃申訴,娓娓動聽,在《詩經》中別具一格。

註:先秦(公元前221年以前)是指秦朝統一中國之前的漫長歷史時期,它包括了中國原始社會和早期封建社會,從遠古時期一直延續到夏、商、西周、春秋、戰國等歷史階段,直到秦始皇在公元前221年建立秦朝為止

Comment by 卡萊爾的書包 on August 23, 2025 at 2:33pm

愛墾的梗·馬馬虎虎、大大咧咧的風格

1.打開 Excel 打好標題 → 「專案完成」?


2.加了好友從沒講過話 → 「人脈經營成功」?


3.書買回家沒翻過 → 「知識吸收」?


4.健身房自拍一張 → 「運動養成」?


5.丟公告不解釋 → 「溝通到位」?


6.上台講五分鐘 → 「會議圓滿」?


7.檔案丟進資料夾 → 「整理完成」?


8.約會各滑手機 → 「戀愛成功」?


9.打完卡就走人 → 「一天結束」?


10.幫忙點個讚 → 「深度互動」?

延續閱讀 1
延續閱讀 2
擬象、網紅與後真相

Comment by 卡萊爾的書包 on May 22, 2025 at 6:19pm

CIA在911事件中的角色:從2001年9月11日發生恐怖攻擊事件後,到同年10月2日這段期間,美國中央情報局(CIA)以及其他美國情報與國防機構迅速展開了一系列反應和行動。以下是這段期間內CIA與美國政府主要做的事情概況:

迅速評估與情報蒐集即時追蹤基地組織(al-Qaeda:911事件發生後,CIA立即將注意力集中在al-Qaeda組織及其領導人奧薩瑪·賓·拉登(Osama bin Laden)。

情報分享強化:CIA與FBI、NSA以及國際盟國情報機構(如英國軍情六處MI6、巴基斯坦ISI等)密切合作,交換關於恐怖份子行動與藏匿地的情報。

部署特種行動部門(Special Activities Division, SAD

CIA於911事件後迅速部署其特種行動部隊,主要準備潛入阿富汗,與反塔利班的北方聯盟合作,準備未來軍事行動。

策劃對阿富汗的秘密與軍事行動

CIA是第一個進入阿富汗的美國機構:在911後數週內,CIA特工(尤其是名為「Jawbreaker」的小隊)於9月末已經進入阿富汗北部與北方聯盟接觸。這些人員的目標是:

  • 建立前線基地
  • 識別al-Qaeda與塔利班的據點
  • 提供空襲目標給未來的美軍行動

組織「Jawbreaker任務」小隊

CIA於9月26日左右派遣了代號「Jawbreaker」的小隊進入阿富汗,這是第一批美國人正式進入該地準備開戰。

這支小隊由CIA行動人員與特種部隊人員組成,他們與北方聯盟聯絡並開始建立美方在阿富汗的立足點。 

向白宮與布希政府提供戰略建議

CIA在911後不久就建議布希政府推翻塔利班政權並摧毀al-Qaeda在阿富汗的基地

CIA在此階段提供許多具體的打擊方案與策略,並與國防部(DoD)和國家安全會議(NSC)密切合作。

監控與預防次級攻擊

CIA持續監控全球恐怖活動,包括歐洲、東南亞、中東與非洲,以預防可能的「第二波攻擊」。提高對潛在恐怖組織資金流動的監控。

總結(至2001年10月2日為止):

在這段短短三週的時間內,CIA的行動可概括如下:

日期

行動

9月11日

事件發生,CIA立即進入緊急應對狀態

9月12~20日

分析al-Qaeda責任、蒐集情報、建立行動策略

9月20日後

與北方聯盟合作、Jawbreaker小隊準備進入阿富汗

約9月26日

第一批CIA人員進入阿富汗

10月2日

對塔利班政權與al-Qaeda的攻擊計劃已接近完成階段


真正的軍事行動(持久自由行動)是在10月7日正式展開,但CIA的前期部署與行動是整個戰爭的開端。

Comment by 卡萊爾的書包 on February 12, 2025 at 9:34am

聯邦法院駁回政府終極上訴,庇高庭審40%淨收司法審查~~

沙巴律師公會(SLS)發起的司法挑戰案,旨在確保沙巴有權依據《1963年馬來西亞協議》(MA63),向聯邦政府要求返還從沙巴獲得的40%聯邦稅收,並對長達48年的財政損失進行審查,該案件將在高等法院正式審理。

此前,聯邦法院在周四駁回了聯邦政府的上訴請求,拒絕其就哥打京那巴魯高等法院的裁決提出進一步上訴。該裁決允許SLS提出司法挑戰,並已獲得上訴法院的支持。由聯邦法院法官丹斯裡娜麗妮·帕斯瑪納丹(Tan Sri Nallini Pathmanathan)率領的三人法官小組駁回了聯邦政府的上訴,認為此案不符合《聯邦憲法》第128(1)(b)條款規定的專屬司法權限,法院無需批准上訴請求。

她表示:「目前尚無初步證據表明此案屬於聯邦法院的專屬管轄範圍。此外,SLS在司法審查申請中具有基本的法律訴訟資格,因此無需批准上訴。」她補充道:「如果必要,在正式司法審查過程中,仍可進一步審查SLS的法律訴訟資格。」 娜麗妮法官與拿督扎巴麗雅·莫哈尤索夫(Datuk Zabariah Mohd Yusoff)和拿督羅扎里亞·布章(Datuk Rhodzhariah Bujang)共同審理了此案。

Comment by 卡萊爾的書包 on February 11, 2025 at 10:13pm

此外,她還指出,該案件的核心問題是聯邦政府未能審查和支付沙巴的「特別撥款」是否違反了《聯邦憲法》相關條款,以及沙巴是否有權獲得1974年至2021年間的財政損失賠償。

她強調:「這不是聯邦政府所辯稱的政策問題。因此,不應批准上訴請求,此案應在哥打京那巴魯高等法院依據實體法進行審理。」聯邦政府向聯邦法院提出了四項法律問題供裁決,但均被駁回。

2022年司法審查訴求:追討「失落的歲月」 SLS2022年提出司法審查申請,要求推翻聯邦政府當年頒佈的《2022年審查令》,該法令規定沙巴僅能獲得1.256億令吉的年度撥款。SLS認為,這一撥款標准嚴重違反了《1963年馬來西亞協議》(MA63)中沙巴應獲得40%稅收返還的權利。 SLS主張,自1974年起,聯邦政府未能履行應有的審查責任,並在《2022年審查令》中未能采取措施彌補沙巴在1974年至2021年期間錯失的40%稅收返還,這一時期被SLS稱為「失落的歲月」(Lost Years)

最初,沙巴州政府與聯邦政府一同反對SLS的司法審查申請。然而,在州檢察總長更換後,沙巴州政府撤回了在聯邦法院的上訴。 2023618日,上訴法院駁回了聯邦政府針對SLS司法審查許可的上訴。 此前,聯邦政府曾就202211月11日哥打京那巴魯高等法院的裁決提出上訴,該裁決允許SLS提起司法審查,並認定其具有法律訴訟資格。

司法審查程序進展 在20221111日的判決中,高等法院法官伊斯邁·布拉欣(Ismail Brahim)批准了SLS的司法審查申請,認定其具備法律訴訟資格,並認為該案件涉及公共利益。

然而,聯邦總檢察署(AGC)隨後申請暫停高等法院對該案件實體內容的審理,等待上訴法院的裁決。 在上訴法院的裁決中,法官拿督P·拉文德蘭(Datuk P. Ravinthran)表示,SLS至少已確立其司法審查的法律訴訟資格,因為此案明顯屬於公共利益訴訟,旨在為公眾爭取權益,而非SLS自身的私人訴求。 此次司法審查的重點在於《2022年審查令》未能涵蓋「失落的歲月」所導致的財政損失問題。該案件接下來將在哥打京那巴魯高等法院依據實體法進行審理。The Edge Malaysia 17 Oct 2024, 07:08 pm)[AI 翻譯]

Merits of Sabah Law Society‘s fight for 40% revenue return to state to be heard at High Court By Hafiz Yatim

KOTA KINABALU (Oct 17): The merits of the Sabah Law Society‘s (SLS) challenge, to ensure that Sabah's entitlement to compel from the federal government a return of 40% of federal revenue earned from the state according to the Malaysia Agreement (1963) and a review of revenue that was lost for 48 years, will be heard at the High Court.

This follows the Federal Court on Thursday refusing to grant permission to the federal government to appeal the Kota Kinabalu High Court's decision to allow SLS' challenge, which was upheld by the Court of Appeal. (Cont‘ Below)

Comment by 卡萊爾的書包 on February 11, 2025 at 11:38am

A three-member bench led by Federal Court judge Tan Sri Nallini Pathmanathan, in dismissing the federal government's appeal, said it was not necessary for the apex court to decide on the matter as argued by the government.

「There is no prima facie case at this juncture to justify the conclusion that this matter falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal Court under Article 128(1)(b) and, as SLS has threshold locus standi (legal standing) to bring this judicial review application, there is no necessity for the grant of leave.

「This is particularly so as the issue of substantive locus standi may, if necessary, be considered in the course of the substantive judicial review on the merits,」 she said.

Nallini sat with fellow Federal Court judges Datuk Zabariah Mohd Yusoff and Datuk Rhodzhariah Bujang.

The apex court judge added that this matter deals with whether the failure to review and provide Sabah‘s Special Grant amounts to a breach of the relevant Articles of the Federal Constitution, and whether Sabah was entitled to damages for the period from 1974 until 2021.

「That is not a matter of policy (as argued by the Federal Government). Therefore, the grant of leave is not warranted, and the matter should proceed to be heard on its substantive merits (at the KK High Court),」 Nalini said.

The federal government had posted four questions of law for determination by the apex court, and all of them were dismissed.

Judicial review filed in 2022 seeking return of “lost years”

SLS had filed the judicial review application in 2022 to overturn the federal government‘s gazette of a RM125.6 million annual grant for Sabah that year, claiming that it violated the state's revenue rights under the Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) to have 40% returned.

After having failed to conduct a review by the end of 1974, the federation allegedly 「failed to remedy Sabah's 40% entitlement for the annual payments for the period from 1974 to 2021 in its decision, action, and omission under the Review Order 2022」. This is referred to by SLS as the 「Lost Years」.

Initially, the Sabah state government, along with the federal government, had challenged SLS‘ judicial review, only for the Sabah government to drop its appeal at the apex court level following a change in the state attorney general.

On June 18, the Court of Appeal dismissed the government‘s appeal against SLS‘ leave bid for judicial review.

The federal government was appealing against the Kota Kinabalu High Court‘s decision on November 11, 2022, to grant SLS leave (permission) to seek a judicial review be heard on its merits.

Challenges to government decisions may only be done via judicial reviews.

On Nov 11, 2022, High Court judge Ismail Brahim granted SLS‘ application for leave for the judicial review, ruling that SLS had locus standi for a judicial review as it was a public interest matter.

The Attorney General‘s Chambers (AGC) obtained a stay order to stop the High Court from hearing the merits of the case pending the appeal at the Court of Appeal.

In the Court of Appeal‘s decision, which was unanimous, COA judge Datuk P Ravinthran said that SLS had at the very least established locus standi for a judicial review as it was clearly a public interest litigation taken for the benefit of the public.

He said it was not taken to seek redress for a personal wrong or grievance of the SLS.

The focus of the judicial review application is the alleged omission in the Review Order 2022 to account for the missing “lost years"

The “lost years” is referred to by Sabahans as a 48-year period of a second mandatory review of the state’s 40% revenue grant originally due by 1974, but only undertaken in 2022.

The Edge Malaysia 17 Oct 2024, 07:08 pm)

Comment by 家就在这里 on November 1, 2021 at 10:04am

SOUTH CHINA SEA 南中國海

The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 square kilometres (1,400,000 sq mi). The area's importance largely results from one-third of the world's shipping transiting through its waters, and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed.

It is located:


south of mainland China, including the island of Taiwan, in the east;

east of Vietnam and Cambodia;

west of the Philippines;

east of the Malay peninsula and Sumatra, up to the Strait of Malacca in the west; and

north of the Bangka–Belitung Islands and Borneo


The minute South China Sea Islands, collectively an archipelago, number in the hundreds. The sea and its mostly uninhabited islands are subject to competing claims of sovereignty by several countries. These claims are also reflected in the variety of names used for the islands and the sea.


關心南海·延續閱讀

沙巴海丝故事館

夢迴新加坡女皇镇

華商:百年蛻轉 HYR

跟《馬來紀年》走一帶一路·望加錫

我們這樣走過歷史

一帶一路·劄記

SOUTH CHINA SEA 南中國海

海絲大典

陳博士教你吃榴槤 02

《我的加雅街杜順公主 》文化劄記

愛墾鄉频道

香料群岛

南洋研究

沙巴歴史

馬華文學@亦筆的詩


馬華文學@舒靈的詩

陳明發詩選·FOR YOUR EYES ONLY

陳明發文選·說好的俳句

Comment by 家就在这里 on May 31, 2021 at 11:27pm


1947年新南洋年鑑·南洋群岛地圖

Comment by 家就在这里 on May 26, 2021 at 10:35am


程仰呂〈星洲竹枝詞〉十一首選六首


其一


長春不老萬千年,信是南洋別有天。

熱帶旅行偏不熱,重重樹影作雲簾。


其二


星洲風俗費疑猜,習相成風實怪哉!

海上腥風聞不得,癡人偏為吃風來。


(編按)吃風,南洋稱遊玩為吃風。


其五


歡聲一路鬧喧嘩,開路先鋒是女娃。

手捧蕉盤身負劍,如何緘口用刀叉?


其六


彩蓬裝點為輝煌,中有神人魔力強。

能避橫磨十萬劍,袒裎裸裼任遨翔。


(編按)以上二首描述遊神隊伍。


其七


碧山亭下萬人緣,會鬧盂蘭又一年。

擁擠電車無處坐,迎風長價兩毛錢。


(編按)萬人緣,碧山亭墳場曾舉辦萬人緣會,招撫亡魂。


其十


印度正逢森寶節,中華惜起上元節。

蟾宮明月人皆望,黑白紅黃無論誰。

李慶年編《南洋竹枝詞匯編》

Comment by 家就在这里 on May 25, 2021 at 10:05pm


曾仁青整理·謝九客家山歌《九伯後生下南洋》(5-6)

(十三)

焦仔赤腳滿芭洛,面黃肚結吃吾落;


阿娘灌渠鷓鴣菜,明早生猛兩頭洛。


註釋:滿芭洛 - 滿芭溜跑


(十四)


阿答屋家蜈蚣多,焦仔被咬喊陰功;


雞公痰液查傷口,明早消腫又消毒。


注意:祖傳秘方,太平世界不鼓勵試用,請即看醫生。

愛墾網 是文化創意人的窩;自2009年7月以來,一直在挺文化創意人和他們的創作、珍藏。As home to the cultural creative community, iconada.tv supports creators since July, 2009.

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