文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
一個人的聲音太薄,讓我們一起齊聚發聲!
一個人的力量太弱,讓我們一起齊聚協力!
(Photo Credit: Live Feelings by Anna J, www.100mm.it/)
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Albums: 旅遊·把故事說好的快意
Location: 倫敦設計博物館 London Design Museum
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If we are to preserve culture we must continue to create it
“If we are to preserve culture we must continue to create it” by Johan Huizinga.
“Never judge someone by the way he looks or a book by the way it’s covered; For inside those tattered pages, there’s a lot to be discovered” by Stephen Cosgrove.
“The crucial differences which distinguish human societies and human beings are not biological. They are cultural.” by Ruth Benedict.
“Culture is a way of coping with the world by defining it in detail.” by Malcolm Bradbury.
“Difference is of the essence of humanity. Difference is an accident of birth and it should therefore
never be the source of hatred or conflict. The answer to difference is to respect it. Therein lies a
most fundamental principle of peace: respect for diversity.” by John Hume.
“Strength lies in differences, not in similarities” by Stephen R. Covey.
“Every man’s ability may be strengthened or increased by culture” by John Abbot.
No culture can live if it attempts to be exclusive. by Mahatma Gandhi
“One of the greatest regrets in life is being what others would want you to be, rather than being yourself” by Shannon L. Alder.
You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture
“You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.” by Ray Bradbury.
“A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people” by Mahatma Gandhi.
“Culture is the name for what people are interested in, their thoughts, their models, the books they read and the speeches they hear” by Walter Lippmann.
“Cultural differences should not separate us from each other, but rather cultural diversity brings a collective strength that can benefit all of humanity” by Robert Alan.
“Traditions are the guideposts driven deep in our subconscious minds. The most powerful ones are those we can’t even describe, aren’t even aware of” by Ellen Goodman.
“Culture is the arts elevated to a set of beliefs” by Thomas Wolfe
“We may have different religions, different languages, different colored skin, but we all belong to one human race” by Kofi Annan.
“The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people.”
“You don’t have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.” by Ray Bradbury.
The Culture Industry Quotes by Theodor Adorno
Written by Stanley Warhol, Neha Cherian
“Illusory universality is the universality of the art of the culture industry, it is the universality of the homogeneous same, an art which no longer even promises happiness but only provides easy amusement as relief from labour.” (Theodor Adorno)
Adorno argues against the Culture Industry due to its mass manipulation which in turn renders art less artistic. In that, the injection of mass consumerism and capitalism into art has led to the loss of authentic art. He argues that the culture industry is interested in creating art that is meant to give momentary enjoyment to the mass rather than cater to the aesthetic. The saturation of mediocre entertainment in the market contains less and less art as it aims to capture as much as possible. The prioritization of monetary profit in the commodification of art molds the culture industry.
“The culture industry is not the art of the consumer but rather the projection of the will of those in control onto their victims. The automatic self-reproduction of the status quo in its established forms is itself an expression of domination.” Theodor Adorno
Adorno further explains the mass manipulation that goes into making the culture industry viable in the eyes of the consumers. He expounds that knack of the culture industry is not in concealing that they manipulating the masses but to get the consumers to not care either way. Therefore, he compares this type of manipulation to the fascist ideologies that are embraced by the masses despite deteriorating their well-being. The assertion expresses this dynamic and how it also brings forth a class divide that sees the domination of the consumers in the market.
Any authentic creation is a gift to the future
“Without culture, and the relative freedom it implies, society, even when perfect, is but a jungle. This is why any authentic creation is a gift to the future” by Albert Camus.
“Keep your language. Love its sounds, its modulation, its rhythm. But try to march together with men of different languages, remote from your own, who wish like you for a more just and human world.” by Hélder Câmara.
Every country, every community are strongly tied together by an intricate tapestry of individual values, norms and a specific history, so to understand their culture is to understand them. Speaking to a person in a way which is sensitive to their own distinct, unique culture enables a brand to not only elicit the intended emotional response through branded communications, but also shows that the brand can be trusted to understand their consumer.
Culture and its impact on the communities it was born of is a beautiful, multifaceted entity which gives strength, identity and purpose to its people, and these culture quotes explore the reasons why we emphasise obtaining a true insight into the cultures we help brands to speak to.
Culture is the name for what people are interested in, their thoughts, their models, the books they read and the speeches they hear, their table-talk, gossip, controversies, historical sense and scientific training, the values they appreciate, the quality of life they admire. All communities have a culture. It is the climate of their civilization. (Source: 19 Insightful Quotes About Culture by Textappeal)
The cultural Consciousness
We seldom realize, for example that our most private thoughts and emotions are not actually our own. For we think in terms of languages and images which we did not invent, but which were given to us by our society
“We seldom realize, for example that our most private thoughts and emotions are not actually our own.
For we think in terms of languages and images which we did not invent,
but which were given to us by our society” by Alam W. Watts.
When we become the transcreation partner of a brand, we ensure that all our services have deep roots in the culture of each target market. Our project managers connect with a network of in-house language specialists who become their trusted knowledge-base to ensure all assets are produced with a true understanding of the market’s consumer mindset.
延續閱讀:
韵文化:美、标致、生態
緩慢的象征
柯爾律治(Coleridge)認為:一個思想,在這個詞的最高意義上,只有象征才能傳達。因此,詩歌語言的內在速度在詩歌的象征體系中會得到充分的表現。在現代詩人中,馮至的詩歌有著驚人的內在節律之美,其速度也是緩慢的。這需要我們認真地去品味,因為馮至的詩歌通常有著整飭而流暢的節奏,表面上給人感覺是快的,但這只是表面的速度,其內在語言的速度仍然是緩慢和寧靜的。比如馮至那首著名的《蛇》:“我的寂寞是一條蛇,/靜靜地沒有言語。”蛇的行動本來是悄無聲息和迅速的,據稱生活於非洲的黑曼巴蛇可以高達十九公里的時速捕捉獵物,這幾乎已接近牙買加短跑名將博爾特時速的一半。而在詩人馮至的詩中,這條象征著寂寞愛情的蛇,則變得安靜而且輕盈,像蒼白靜謐的月影,害怕驚落緋紅的花瓣。
當代詩人中,獨具抒情氣質的柏樺是緩慢之美的代表人物,出於對緩慢的鐘愛,他甚至將自己的孩子命名為慢。在柏樺看來,詩和生命的節律一樣在呼吸里自然形成。詩歌企圖去作一次僥幸的超越,並借此接近自然和純粹,但連最偉大的詩歌也很難抵達這種純粹,所以它帶給我們的歡樂是有限的、遺憾的。因此,緩慢,是唯一可以讓我們接近自然和純粹的一種不得已的方式,他在《懸崖》中寫道:“一個城市有一個人/兩個城市有一個向度/寂寞的外套無聲地等待陌生的旅行/羞怯而無端端的前進/去報答一種氣候/克制正殺害時間”。詩人以極端個人化的經驗和語匯表達了緩慢對於時間的制衡:用克制殺害時間,亦如用緩慢延續詩歌的生命。
英年早逝的詩人張棗,在其成名作《鏡中》,則表達了另外一種緩慢:“只要想起一生中後悔的事/梅花便落了下來”。詩人在此使用了一系列獨特的意象來延緩他對這位美人的觀照與想像,無論是遊泳、登梯、騎馬、低頭還是照鏡、臨窗、南山、梅花,都無一例外地指向緩慢的本質。唯有如此,詩人才可以盡可能持久地生活中在回憶之中。
在另一位詩人那兒,緩慢有時則來源於他對“前朝”或“祖傳”的熱愛,在談及那些“古老而溫馨的話題”時,趙野在窗玻璃那金色的反光中,可以反復緩慢地摩娑一隻老虎或一朵梅花的影子(《十四行詩》),當博爾赫斯的老虎或中國的梅花次第出現時,詩人的面孔已隱逸在時間的玻璃之後。在那些前朝或祖傳的事物中,許多時候早已被賦予緩慢的品質。除了梅花,緩慢的象征還有諸多,比如趙野常常提到的雲岫或梅子。在《字的研究》中,詩人寫到:“哦,這些花萼,這些雲岫,我的/白晝的敵人,黑夜的密友。”這里的“雲岫”,顯然和陶淵明在《歸去來辭》中所抒寫的“雲無心以出岫,鳥倦飛而知還”有著相似之處,這時的雲一定不是飛渡的亂雲,而是如王維所說的“行到水窮處,坐看雲起時”的雲,曼妙的雲。而梅子呢,則是漢語詩歌中很多人喜歡的,趙野在《春秋來信》中也提到了它:“那些秘密的歡樂,我夢中的梅子和薄荷”。宋代詞人賀鑄在《青玉案》中有這樣的句子:“試問閑愁都幾許,一川煙草、滿城風絮、梅子黃時雨”,賀鑄因為寫下了這句很著名的詞句而被人們稱為“賀梅子”。宋代詩人趙師秀在《約客》中也曾寫到過雨中的梅子:“黃梅時節家家雨,青草池塘處處蛙。有約不來過夜半,閑敲棋子落燈花。”曾幾在《三衢道中》則寫了放晴時的梅子:“梅子黃時日日晴,小溪泛盡卻山行。綠陰不減來時路,添得黃鸝四五聲。”但無論是雨天的梅子,還是晴天的梅子,都帶有緩慢的性質,就像趙師秀在等待客人到來的慢慢長夜一樣,燈花落了,手中孤單的棋子卻久久沒有落下來,梅子是緩慢的東西。在這兒,等待是基本的狀態,有時候,緩慢就是等待。(向以鮮:緩慢的隱喻——詩歌語言內在速度的文化觀照 / 2019年06月03日《詩刊》)
椅子是詩人冥想的道具,即使是在交談時也是這樣:“難得一次相逢,落葉時節/庭院裏野草深深/扇子擱在一旁,椅子們/促膝交談,直到風有涼意/我割開水果,想到了詩的生成/無數黃葉在空中翻飛。”這首詩(編註:趙野的《有所贈》)的原型總讓我想起宋代詞人周邦彥的《少年遊》。詩人坐在椅子上,切著水果,但是詩人卻已進入冥想狀態,水果的切割或剝離,果肉或果仁的裸露在詩人的冥想中變成了一首詩或更為神秘之物的生成象征。
老子曾說:糅合陶土成為器具,有了器皿中空的地方,才有器皿的作用;否則器具便失去了用處,連一點東西也不能包容。開鑿門窗建造房屋,有了門窗四壁中空的地方,才有房屋的作用;否則也就毫無用處可言了。英國學者比恩尼(Binyon)在談及亞洲藝術時指出:處於心醉神迷狀態中端坐著的佛的形象,靜得“宛如無風處的火焰”,就是冥想的化身。因此佛教或老子,都強調虛和空,因為冥想必須在虛空中進行。比恩尼認為,這空白的空間似乎充滿著一種諦聽的寂靜。海子曾經冥想過這樣一隻陶器(罈子):“這一隻罈子,我的土地之上/從野獸演變而出的/秘密的腳。在我自己嘗試的鎖鏈之中。/正好我把嘴唇埋在罈子裏。河流/糊住四壁。一棵又一棵/栗樹像傷疤在周圍隱隱出現”。這隻罈子很容易讓我們想到美國詩人史蒂文斯那隻田納西州的罈子,緩慢的冥想的罈子,在死亡與秩序之間,找到了微妙的平衡點。
寂靜的冥想,是構成詩歌語言緩慢的內在速度的強大通道。法國十七世紀大思想家帕斯卡爾(Pascal)在《隨想錄》中寫道:這無窮的空間底永恒的靜使我悚栗!(向以鮮:緩慢的隱喻——詩歌語言內在速度的文化觀照 / 2019年06月03日《詩刊》)
詩人(編註:趙野)說:“我讀書、散步、冥想古代/古老的故事使我感動不已”。冥想是一種思維狀態,同時也是一種生存狀態,或一種生命狀態。因此德國詩人荷爾德林(Hoerdelin)說:誰沈冥到那無邊際的“深”,將熱愛著這最生動的“生”。達摩可能是歷史上最著名的冥想者,他用了整整十年的緩慢時光來面對冰冷的石壁。這個偉大而寂寞的冥想家或許在趙野心中形成原動力,這一點我們可以從《墻壁》中得到某種印證:“我原以為,我會習慣/簡單的生活,日日面對墻壁/蜘蛛結了網,生銹的釘子/開成花朵,比花園更有生氣”。能看見生銹的鐵釘變成花朵,只有一個耽於冥想的人才能做到。在冥想的氣息之中,時間似乎已然停止。看來,一個冥想者,首先要做的就是忘記時間。
宗教冥想者的主要姿勢是結跏趺座(编者(拼音:jié jiā fū zuò)),可以不依靠任何工具(或家具)來達成。中國古代,在椅子還沒有產生之前,人們以席地而坐或箕座而構成日常生活中的基本靜態。箕座或跽座是一種艱苦而難受的坐姿,古人在正式的社交場合或為了表達敬意時必須箕坐。這種很難持久的姿態顯然不利於冥想,椅子的出現為世俗冥想者提供了物質基礎。古代的椅子實際是一種外來之物,通常的家具史家認為它是由魏晉時代的胡床演變而來,至唐宋時期形成了現在意義上的椅子。但是在埃及文明中,椅子早在三千多年前就已成形,不知中國的椅子是否也曾受到埃及的影響。(向以鮮:緩慢的隱喻——詩歌語言內在速度的文化觀照 / 2019年06月03日《詩刊》)
詩歌語言的內在速度很多時候,代表著詩人的內省品質以及生命的本質狀態。同時,詩歌語言內在的速度變幻在更深的層面又常常受到文化氣質的影響或指引。法國的左拉(Zola)當年在討論馬奈(Manet)的作品時,使用了témperament這個詞,可以勉強翻譯成中文“氣質”。實際上,“氣質”是一個純中國式的理念,很難找到完全相對應的西方術語。它與人的個性、修養、風度、稟賦及靈動的思想緊密相關,同時也與涵養其人的整體文明本質互為表里。宋人張載在《語錄鈔》中寫道:“為學大益,在自求變化氣質。”這句話的意義在於,一個人、一個民族或一種文明,只有通過不斷向傳統學習、不斷向傳統吸取力量,才能造就自身的氣質。
就中國傳統文化的氣質而言,總的傾向是舒緩而內斂的(通識的例子如太極、書法、圍棋、古琴、禪坐等),其舒緩或緩慢的氣質滲透於詩歌之中,形成一種特有的詩學律動——它似乎更接近於詩歌的本質——甚至成為對抗時間飛逝的一種方式。即使是前面我們提到的李白、郭沫若或北島,在看似急速的表象中,仍然深潛著一種中國式的緩慢律動。就像孔子所感嘆的那條河流一樣,它日夜不停地流淌,仿佛是快捷的;然而在孔子看來,這條永恒之河,卻又是如此安祥,聽不到一絲消逝的濤聲。一條奔騰的河,在孔子的詩思中,也是一條緩慢的甚至趨向於靜止的河。
事實上,作為時間藝術的詩歌,其內在速度大多時候是緩慢而非快速的,縱然是面對快捷無比的物象時,詩人也會有意無意間將之變慢,使之停留片刻,成為凝神的詩章。因此,詩歌語言在本質上更接近於音樂。蘇姍·朗格(Susanne Langer)認為:音樂揭示的是一種由聲音創造出來的虛幻時間,這個虛幻的時間並不是由時鐘標示的時間,而是由生命活動本身標示的時間,這個時間便是音樂的首要的或基本的幻象;在這個幻象中,樂曲在行進,和諧在生成,節奏在延續。虛幻的時間在詩歌中,成為構成內在速度的基本的幻象,可以稱之為速度的幻象。速度的幻象同音樂一樣,不受“時鐘”(物理時間)的約束,詩人常常會努力使速度的幻象慢下來靜下來,然後以詩歌的方式獲得永生。(向以鮮:緩慢的隱喻——詩歌語言內在速度的文化觀照 / 2019年06月03日《詩刊》)
培養創新能力的技巧
克里斯汀生 Clayton Christensen 【1952 – 2020) 後期除了研究產業,更將破壞式創新的能力推廣到個人。
(Ingenious Mug)
克里斯汀生發現,多數成功的大型企業,之所以未能及時推出破壞式創新,主要原因是高階管理團隊善於執行,卻不會發現與創新。
克里斯汀生將橫跨七十五個國家、包含五千位高階經理人、一百位CEO的研究,寫成《五個技巧,簡單學創新》,教導經理人可以從聯想、疑問、觀察、社交與實驗五個面向,每個人都可以培養自己的創新能力。
聯想:創新的創業家經常展現同時做兩件事情的能力,一方面近查細節、同時又遠觀細節如何融入整體中,經常可以發現看似無關的事物之間如何相連,得出意外的聯想。
疑問:創新者經常質疑普遍接受的見解,經常用「為何」、「為何不」的疑問來取得重要洞察。
觀察:創新者總是敏感於行不通的東西,而且在不同的環境下是否已經有更好的解決方法,積極地觀察人們是用什麼產品來滿足什麼需求。
社交:偉大的好點子通常不會出自某個人、或是某個單一專業,而是來自不同人的交集、甚至來自與素昧平生的人的互動。創新導向的社交,是與觀點不同的人交談而取得新點子。
實驗:商業領域的創新也需要測試,創新導向的經理人樂於嘗試新體驗,或是拆解產品、流程與概念,都有助於產生新事業的構想。
創新,是在變動時代必須具備的生存能力。克里斯汀生打開創新的黑盒子,讓創新有跡可循。(克里斯汀生 打開創新的黑盒子,文 吳韻儀,天下雜誌532期 2013-10-01)
愛墾網 是文化創意人的窩;自2009年7月以來,一直在挺文化創意人和他們的創作、珍藏。As home to the cultural creative community, iconada.tv supports creators since July, 2009.
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