文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
人們常把一些以俚語俗話入詩,不講平仄對仗,所謂“不能登大雅之堂”的詩稱為打油詩。為什麼叫打油詩呢?
原來中唐時代,有一位姓張名打油的人,他就愛作這樣的詩,在以詩賦取士的唐朝,他的詩確是“別樹一幟”,引人“注目”。如他的“詠雪”就頗有名:“江山一籠統,井口一窟窿,黃狗身上白,白狗身上腫。”“詠雪”通篇無一個雪字,看來這位張打油作詩是動過一番腦筋的。
不過張打油之所以闖出牌子,以至這類詩竟冠以他的名字稱之為打油詩,還有一段軼事:有一年冬天,一位大官去祭奠宗祠,剛進大殿,便看見粉刷雪白的照壁上面寫了一首詩:“六出九天雪飄飄,恰似玉女下瓊瑤,有朝一日天晴了,使掃帚的使掃帚,使鍬的使鍬。”大官大怒,立即命令左右,查清作詩人,重重治罪。有位師爺上稟道:“大人不用查了,作這類詩的不會是別人,一定是張打油。”大官立即下令把張打油抓來了。張打油聽了這位大官的呵斥,上前一揖,不緊不慢地說道:“大人,我張打油確愛謅幾句詩,但本事再不濟,也不會寫出這類詩來嘛。不信,小的情願面試。”
大人一聽,口氣不小,決定試張打油一下。正好那時安祿山兵困南陽郡,於是便以此為題,要張打油作詩。張打油也不謙讓,脫口吟道:“百萬賊兵困南陽,”那位大人一聽,連說:“好氣魄,起句便不平常!”張打油微微一笑,再吟:“也無援救也無糧,”這位大人摸了摸胡子說:“差強人意,再念。”張打油馬上一氣呵成了後三句:“有朝一日城破了,哭爹的哭爹,哭娘的哭娘!”這幾句,與“使掃帚的使掃帚,使鍬的使鍬,”如出一轍。大家聽了,哄堂大笑,連這位大官也惹笑了,終於饒了張打油。張打油從此遠近揚名。“打油詩”的稱謂也不脛而走,流傳至今。
本期第5頁刊登的《今日詩》和《明日歌》,就是兩首著名的打油詩。
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