Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded RNA member of the Flaviviridae family that is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes . Five genotypes, I through V, are recognized based on the nucleotide sequence of the envelope gene. Between 1870 and the mid-1990s, most infections were caused by genotype III. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in large parts of Asia. Travelers are at risk for JE, the main risk factors being outdoor evening and nighttime exposure in rural areas during the transmission period. Japanese encephalitis outbreak, India, 2005 For full access to Japanese encephalitis virus is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to family Flaviviridae. It is one of the major causative agents of pediatric encephalitis or viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia. Due to demographic, environmental, and therapeutic reasons, its outbreak commonly occurs almost every year among children [ 1 ]. Although Japanese encephalitis has progressively expanded into new territories in India over the past decade, government figures show that over the past five years the annual number of cases had not exceeded 3000, and annual mortality had always remained below 500. Download reference work entry PDF Japanese encephalitis belongs to a group of viruses commonly known as arboviruses because they are carried (transmitted) by arthropods (jointed-legged invertebrates such as insects, ticks, etc.). Culex vishnui in India, Taiwan and Thailand; Culex gelidus in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, A Study on Japanese Encephalitis in and around Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Japanese encephalitis (JE), is mosquito borne viral disease, caused by arbovirus; a member of.. Letter to Editor, J Immunol Tech Infect Dis Vol: 3 Issue: 2 A Study on Japanese Encephalitis in and around Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Keywords: Japanese Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is one of the leading causes of viral encephalitis in Asia. Annually 50,000 cases are reported in India with 30% deaths and 75% disability, but burden may be underestimated because many suspected outbreaks are not confirmed. The Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is generally spread by mosquitoes, specifically those of the genus Culex. Pigs and wild birds serve as reservoir for the JEV. Encephalitis can be air or water borne, the result of a mosquito bite or spread by ticks. The initial symptoms are fever, cold or headache. In general population the incidence of acute encephalitis syndrome ranges between 3.5 and 7.4 cases per 100,000 patient-years [ 17 ]. The incidence of JE varied in each month in our study. However, the most of the cases were reported during the monsoon and after the monsoon period. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the major etiological agents responsible for causing large numbers of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases in the northeastern region of India. This study was carried out to establish and characterize the circulating strain of JEV in the region in order to understand the disease epidemiology. Methods First described in Japan in 1871, Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the most important vaccine-preventable cause of encephalitis in Asia. Over 3 billion people live in countries with JE virus transmission risk areas, predominantly in rural locations where the virus exists in a cycle involving