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Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on November 27, 2024 at 10:34am

愛墾APP:單子論與情動轉折學說的聯系，體現在二者對個體內在體驗、主體間關係以及情感傳播機制的關注上。盡管單子論和情動轉折來自不同的哲學脈絡，但二者在研究主體如何與世界相連、感知和影響周遭事物方面有一些交集——

主體的獨立與相互關聯：萊布尼茲的單子論認為，單子（monad）是獨立、自足的實體，但每個單子通過一種「預定和諧」（pre-established harmony）與其他單子互動，而不發生直接物理接觸。情動轉折學說關注主體之間的情感聯系，特別是情感如何跨越個體之間的邊界，形成情感共鳴或情感網絡。情動轉折強調，情感並非封閉在個體內，而是能夠向他人擴散或感染。

由此看，單子論中的「獨立性」與「和諧性」，與情動轉折中「自我」與「他者」之間的情感互動，構成一種隱喻性關係，二者都關注到主體如何在保持自身完整的同時，與他人建立一種無形的聯結。

感知和體驗的內在性：單子論認為單子的變化來自於其內部的知覺（perception）和欲求（appetition），即單子從內在變化，而非外在刺激。情動轉折學說則關注情感如何在身體內部生成，通過體驗、感受等內部機制來感知外界。二者在此處的聯系在於，情感體驗被視作一種從「內在」理解「外在」的途徑。情動轉折學說從情感的角度研究這種內在體驗的意義，而單子論則認為每個單子都有獨特的內在視角去知覺世界。

個體化視角與主觀世界的構造：萊布尼茲認為每個單子都具有獨特的「視角」，每個單子都是宇宙的「鏡像」。這種視角帶有主觀性，而情動轉折學說恰好關注主觀體驗對情感的塑造作用。情動轉折中的「情感地理」（affective geography）和「情感共同體」等概念，與單子論中的「主觀宇宙」有一定的共通之處：每個人都在特定情境下感知世界，情感成為個人主觀世界的一部分。這種情感空間並非完全共享，而是因人而異。

和諧共存與集體情感：單子論中的「預定和諧」與情動轉折的集體情感體驗有一定相似之處。單子雖然獨立，但在整體上仍遵循一種「和諧」法則；情動轉折學說研究集體情感是如何在個體間共享並形成文化和社會秩序的。因此，情動轉折的共情與感染機制可以被視作情感傳播中「和諧」的一種現代詮釋。這種和諧並不依賴於物理上的接觸，而是通過情感共鳴、感染等方式，使個體的情感在集體中得以整合和共存。

欲求與情感動機：單子論中的「欲求」概念可以被理解為情感動機的一種原始形式。情動轉折學說重視情感在推動個體行為中的作用，而萊布尼茲的單子論中，欲求被視為單子變化的驅動力。情動轉折學說在此可以借鑑單子論的觀念，將個體的情感驅動力視為促成個人與外界互動的內在能量。二者均強調個體的主動性，且關注個體如何通過自身情感體驗去影響、感知並融入外界情境。

因此，單子論與情動轉折學說雖然起源、背景和理論工具不同，但在主體的獨立與聯結、情感作為驅動力、內在體驗的生成和集體情感的構建等方面都有共通之處。情動轉折學說可以借助單子論的獨立主體與和諧互動理論框架，為理解個體情感的流動性與相互影響機制提供新的視角。

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on July 25, 2024 at 9:40pm

吳傳玖·初識量子力學（科學詩）

量子糾纏
把一種
微觀世界的
物理現象
拋到
宏觀世界面前……
她要糾纏誰
多麼奇妙 又
神秘莫測……
量子學
某種類似
心靈感應的現象……
喚起多少好奇
是出世的幽靈
是上帝擲出的一枚
骰子？
把習以為常的相對論
逼到絕境 以圖
取而代之 甚至咄咄逼人……
正如貝特曼先生
襪子之間的關聯
和小球之間的關聯
都是經典的關聯……
而糾纏有如
禍乎 福之所倚
福乎 禍之所伏
禍與福如糾纏
渾沌錯紛
其狀若一
交解形狀
孰知其則……
宇宙與自然 不僅
比我們想像的奇怪 而且
比我們能夠想像的
還奇怪……
今天
愛因斯坦心中
那個確定性的
經典世界 已經成為一個
失樂園 事實上
它更像一個讓人留連忘返的
歷史博物館…… 在那裡
或許可以感受和體味
牛頓時代的激情與
夢想…… 這對於
我們尋找新的實在的自然
與世界
會有所幫助……
在那裡 不確定性 糾纏和超距
將成為主角……

（2021-05-26 作者：吳傳玖 | 來源：中詩網）

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on June 6, 2024 at 10:01am

以文化軟實力涵養科技硬實力

對創新和科學文化的思考有歷史性、地域性兩個維度。

各國正在塑造怎樣的科學文化？中國加快推進高水平科技自立自強需要怎樣的科學文化？9月9日上午，2023浦江創新論壇·創新文化論壇將在東郊賓館舉行。時隔幾年，文化論壇回歸浦江創新論壇，探討科技創新背後的文化土壤，關注中國新時代創新文化建設。這場論壇邀請到哪些演講嘉賓？他們將與觀眾分享哪些研究成果和觀點？記者采訪了本次論壇承辦方的專家，讓讀者對論壇亮點先睹為快。

兩個維度看科學和創新文化

2023浦江創新論壇·創新文化論壇的主題為「追光：創新的精神與動力」，由科學技術部和上海市政府主辦，科技日報社、中國科學技術發展戰略研究院、上海市科技工作黨委、上海市科委、同濟大學、解放日報社、上海市科學學研究所承辦。

為何確立這一主題？承辦方的詮釋是：科學文化是科學技術發展和創新的精神土壤和動力之源。不同國家不同地區，在勇攀科技高峰的道路上形成了各具地方特色的科學文化。「文明因交流而多彩，文明因互鑑而豐富」。中西科學文化交流的先驅徐光啟曾發出感慨：「欲求超勝，必先會通。」交流、會通，是科學文化的基本內涵。

當今世界正經歷百年未有之大變局，新一輪科技革命和產業變革持續深入發展。培育與時俱進的科學文化是各國科技發展的重要力量，因此，一些思考與研討正當其時——各國正在塑造怎樣的科學文化？中國加快推進高水平科技自立自強需要怎樣的科學文化？本次論壇邀請多位國內外專家，圍繞科學文化這一議題展開探討，以促進科學文化的互鑑。

「我們對於科學文化和創新文化的思考與研討，有歷史性、地域性兩個維度。」上海市科學學研究所李輝研究員說，歷史性維度聚焦中國，從明代上海人徐光啟推動中西文化交流、引進歐洲科學技術，到近現代中國對西方先進科學技術的學習和追趕，再到改革開放後科技的快速發展……在這一進程中，中國的科學文化和創新文化是如何發展的？如今，我國正在加快推進高水平科技自立自強，這一歷史使命需要怎樣的科學和創新文化土壤？

除了歷史性維度，地域性也是此次論壇的一個維度：本屆浦江創新論壇主賓國巴西、創新的國度以色列、科技領先國家英國……多個國家以及來自本屆浦江創新論壇主賓省湖北的專家將發表主旨演講，並參與圓桌討論，探討自己所在國家和地區的科學和創新文化。（原題：以文化軟實力涵養科技硬實力；来源：上海市科學學研究所 2023-09-14）


延續閱讀：

電影達人
札哈哈蒂：房子能浮起來嗎？07
史蒂格勒後種系發生

陳明發：從五行資產到智慧資本
鬼崇拜與真實體驗的魔幻之域
錢老構建和開拓了中國的思維科學

全馬最古老的華文小學：古達樂育
陳明發（舒靈）的詩《寂寞》

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on June 5, 2024 at 5:23pm

（續上）讓觀眾感悟科學文化的內涵

通過演講和對話，觀眾會感受到科學文化的基本內涵——開放、交流和會通。李輝表示，這種內涵與本屆浦江創新論壇的主題「開放的創新生態：創新與全球鏈接」契合，中國打造全球開放的創新生態，必須厚植開放、交流和會通的科學文化，這也是舉辦此次文化論壇的意義所在。

論壇上，科學技術部黨組成員、科技日報社社長張碧湧將發表題為《以創新文化軟實力涵養科技硬實力》的演講，揭示創新文化與科技創新的關聯。十三屆全國人大常委會委員、國務院發展研究中心創新發展研究部原部長呂薇研究員的演講主題是《全民科學素質與科學文化》，分析提高全民科學素質與科技發展的關係。

作為主賓國代表，巴西科學技術創新部副秘書長奧索里奧·科埃略·吉馬良斯·內托將發表題為《巴西國家創新體系中的技術轉移》的演講。說起巴西，人們首先想到的往往是足球和桑巴，這個金磚國家其實在科技創新方面也實力不俗，在農牧業、綠色能源、納米科技等領域有較強的科研優勢，所以奧索里奧副秘書長的演講值得關注。

牛津大學工程科學系與古典藝術系雙聘教授唐娜·寇茲的演講題目是《開放與鏈接：互聯網技術助推文化遺產全球共享》。唐娜致力於利用互聯網技術，讓全球各大博物館的數字藏品關聯在一起，從而以更多元、立體的方式呈現在公眾面前。通過她的演講，觀眾將更深入地了解新技術在文化遺產傳播方面的價值。唐娜的工作很好地體現了科學文化的開放、交流和會通。（原題：以文化軟實力涵養科技硬實力；来源：上海市科學學研究所 2023-09-14）

當下再思考「李約瑟之問」

「李約瑟之問」是研究中國科學和創新文化繞不開的一個問題，由英國學者李約瑟提出：中國古代對人類科技發展做出了很多重要貢獻，為什麼近代科學和工業革命沒有在中國誕生？相關研究統計顯示：從6世紀到17世紀初，在世界重大科技成果中，中國所佔比例一直在54%以上，然而到了19世紀，驟降為只佔0.4%。這個巨大的落差，讓李約瑟覺得不可思議。

論壇上，劍橋李約瑟研究所所長梅建軍將作《「李約瑟之問」與文明互鑑的意義》演講，討論李約瑟提出的「文明滴定」與「文明互鑑」的意義相通。對不同文明進行比較、分析的觀點，可以為新時代中國創新文化建設提供啟發。

以色列未來學家阿迪·約菲將帶來對科技未來發展趨勢的思考。她把以色列獨特的創新文化與未來思維方法相結合，自2006年以來，一直為企業提供服務，為其所處行業提供量身定制的發展方向預測，幫助企業為未來做好准備。

阿迪·約菲阿迪·約菲

作為歐盟的代表，西班牙赫羅納大學教授阿爾伯特·薩巴特·科爾將與觀眾分享《歐盟視角的數據和人工智能系統的倫理自我評估》。隨著人工智能技術的飛速發展，我們的社會文化、法律法規、管理制度等正在做出適應性改變，這位西班牙學者的演講令人關注。

作為浦江創新論壇的舉辦城市，上海的科學和創新文化有什麼特點？上海交通大學教授、國際科學史研究院通訊院士紀志剛將以徐光啟和李善蘭為聚焦點，講述《幾何原本》在中國的兩次翻譯，詮釋「文明交流互鑑是推動歷史進步的重要動力」。他的演講會提供歷史上科學文化的土壤催生創新的精彩案例，揭示西方科學文化參與構建海派文化的歷史邏輯。

論壇的最後一個環節是圓桌討論。在中國科技發展戰略研究院原常務副院長王元的主持下，巴西科學技術創新部副秘書長奧索里奧、中國科協宣傳文化部部長郭哲、以色列未來學家阿迪、湖北省社會科學院副院長袁北星、教育部基地上海師范大學都市文化研究中心主任蘇智良將展開一場跨地域對話，引發觀眾對論壇主題的進一步思考。

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on February 22, 2024 at 8:51am

Boundary: an imaginary line

Boundary, n. In political geography, an imaginary line between two nations, separating the imaginary rights of one from the imaginary rights of another. — Ambrose Bierce

To build a theory of international relations on accidents of geography and history is dangerous. — Kenneth Waltz

Descriptive anatomy is to physiology what geography is to history, and just as it is not enough to know the typography of a country to understand its history, so also it is not enough to know the anatomy of organs to understand their functions. — Claude Bernard

Anatomy is to physiology as geography is to history; it describes the theatre of events. — Jean Fernel

I believe very strongly, and have fought since many years ago - at least over 30 years ago - to get architecture not just within schools, but architecture talked about under history, geography, science, technology, art. — Richard Rogers

In the teaching of geography and history a sympathetic understanding (should) be fostered for the characteristics of the different peoples of the world, especially for those who we are in the habit of describing as "primitive. — Albert Einstein

History is philosophy teaching by example, and also warning; its two eyes are geography and chronology. — James A. Garfield

As Geography without History seemeth a carkasse without motion; so History without Geography wandreth as a Vagrant without a certain habitation. — John Smith

History is philosophy teaching by example and also by warning. — Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke

It is impossible to understand history, international politics, the world economy, religions, philosophy, or ‘patterns of culture’ without taking geography into account. — Kenneth C. Davis

The reality is that capital punishment in America is a lottery. It is a punishment that is shaped by the constraints of poverty, race, geography and local politics. — Bryan Stevenson

The policies of all powers are inherent in their geography. — Napoleon Bonaparte

Give children beauty, not the record of bloody slaughters and barbarous brawls, as they call history, or of the latitude and longitude of places nobody cares to visit, as they call geography. — Oscar Wilde

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on February 20, 2024 at 8:56pm

Free field trips into the wilderness to paint

I never thought that I would support myself with art - everyone in the Group of Seven had day jobs. I became a geography teacher so that I could get free field trips into the wilderness to paint. — Robert Bateman

Children can take lessons in that school via the Internet and can score extra points like e.g. in Geography or History. That sounds very promising and is a fantastic basis for future steps. — Anatoly Karpov

It doesn't matter if a character is a lawyer, a cop or a geography teacher. If there's a story in there, where the character has a passion and a fire in his belly and story to tell, then it's enough for an actor to get excited about. — Clive Standen

Geography does not define you - love does. — Eve Ensler

Paris is not a city, it is the image, the symbol of France, its today and yesterday, the reflection of its history, its geography and its hidden essence. — Nina Berberova

Several technological and political forces have converged, and that has produced a global, Web-enabled playing field that allows for multiple forms of collaboration without regard to geography or distance - or soon, even language. — Thomas Friedman

Basically, Islamic State is a combined al Qaeda and Lebanese Hezbollah on steroids, destabilizing the region, dissolving borders/changing the political geography in the Mid-east, and hardening political positions that make Mid-east peace-building more remote by the day. — James Mattis

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on February 19, 2024 at 5:14pm

Geography is just physics slowed down, with a couple of trees stuck in it

Geography is just physics slowed down, with a couple of trees stuck in it. — Terry Pratchett

It must be hard for humans, forever floundering through inconvenient geography. Humans are always lost. It's a basic characteristic. It explains a lot about them. — Terry Pratchett

To make revolution in Korea we must know Korean history and geography as well as the customs of the Korean people. Only then is it possible to educate our people in a way that suits them and to inspire in them an ardent love for their native place and their motherland. — Kim Il-sung

In the U.K., we have the best geography teachers in the world! — Prince Andrew

The study of geography is about more than just memorizing places on a map. It's about understanding the complexity of our world, appreciating the diversity of cultures that exists across continents. And in the end, it's about using all that knowledge to help bridge divides and bring people together. — Barack Obama

If we finished our work, the teacher would say, 'Now don't read ahead.' But sometimes I hid the book I was reading behind my geography book and did read ahead. You can hide a lot behind a geography book. — Beverly Cleary

Those whom nature hath so joined together, let no man put asunder — John F. Kennedy

Israel is a colonialist-imperialist phenomenon. There is no such thing as an Israeli people. Before 1948, world geography knew of no state such as Israel. Israel is the result of an invasion, of aggression. — Muammar al-Gaddafi

We meet fellow humans throughout our travels,Become close - friends, dates, lovers.Always we are distanced againfrom death, geography, or meeting others,Only dialtone on the phone,cold and empty beneath the covers. — Patri Friedman

I am afforded a bit of easy wonderment in relative comfort as to how humans have lasted so long. Climate- and geography-wise, the planet seems to have little use for us. — Henry Rollins

I think the idea of migration through time is very important because every human being does that and it unites us with people who migrate through geography. — Mohsin Hamid

History is a compass that you locate yourself on the map of human geography, politically, culturally, financially. — John Henrik Clarke

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on February 18, 2024 at 4:10pm

I don’t want to make an incremental change in some technology in my life. I want to create a whole new technology, and one that is aimed at helping humanity at all levels regardless of geography or ethnicity or age or gender. — Elizabeth Holmes

Geography can be about the triumph of the human spirit as much as the subjugation of earth by the human hand. — Tim Marshall

I believe that the physical is the geography of the being. — Louise Berliawsky Nevelson

Technology should be accessible to all, regardless of geography, income, or background. — Jen-Hsun Jensen Huang

In our changing world nothing changes more than geography. — Pearl S. Buck

When the Soviet Union broke apart, it split into 15 countries. Geography had its revenge on the
Soviets, and a more logical picture reappeared on the map. — Tim Marshall

Without geography you're nowhere. — Jimmy Buffett

There is no such thing as European geography. Europe is a concept without definition. — Tim Marshall

It is the relationship between the physical environment and the environed organism, between physiography and ontography (to coin a term), that constitutes the essential principles of geography today. — William Morris Davis

Russia's weakness is geography's revenge. — Tim Marshall

No choice we can make as a nation lies between our history and our geography. We can hardly change either of them. They are immutable. The only choice we can make as a nation is the choice about our future. — Paul Keating

Climate change will put even more pressure on the geography of water. — Tim Marshall

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on February 17, 2024 at 9:34am

Geography is destiny, and history is its interpreter

Geography is destiny, and history is its interpreter. — Tim Marshall

Violence against women is perhaps the most shameful human rights violation, and it is perhaps the most pervasive. It knows no boundaries of geography, culture or wealth. As long as it continues, we cannot claim to be making real progress towards equality, development and peace — Kofi Annan

The door might not be opened to a woman again for a long, long time, and I had a kind of duty to other women to walk in and sit down on the chair that was offered, and so establish the right of others long hence and far distant in geography to sit in the high seats. — Frances Perkins

Geography: the more geographical factors we understand, the better we can see through them to the human decisions that lie behind them. — Tim Marshall

I like geography. I like to know where places are. — Tom Felton

Early Russia, centered around Moscow in the 13th century, was indefensible. There were no mountains, no deserts, and few rivers. — Tim Marshall

If geography is prose, maps are iconography. — Lennart Meri

If you know a country's geography, you can understand and predict its foreign policy. — Napoleon Bonaparte

Spain is struggling, and has always struggled because of its geography. Its narrow coastal plains have poor soil, and access to markets is hindered internally by its short rivers and a highland plateau surrounded by mountain ranges. It was left behind after the Second World War, as under the Franco dictatorship it was politically frozen out of much of modern Europe. The newly democratic Spain joined the EU in 1986. By the 1990s, it had begun to catch up with the rest of Western Europe, but its inherent geographic and financial weaknesses continue to hold it back and have intensified the problems of overspending and loose central fiscal control, making it among the countries hit worst by the ’08 economic crisis. — Tim Marshall

Comment by Curation Nation 策展國 on February 16, 2024 at 1:08pm

Man Can Change Geography

Geography does not change, but man does, and man can change geography. — Tim Marshall

There is a geography of the human spirit, common to all peoples. — Linda Hogan

Like most parents, I've been stumped by homework, the big questions, such as: 'What is the point of geography - the pilot always knows where we are going?'. Answer: 'If you didn't know any geography, people would think you were an American, and you wouldn't be able to put them right because you wouldn't know where they live.' — A. A. Gill

What makes a nation in the beginning is a good piece of geography. — Robert Frost

For whatever you're doing, for your creative juices, your geography's got a hell of a lot to do with it. You really have to be in a good place, and then you have to be either on your way there or on your way from there. — Neil Young

Geography is the art of the mappable. — Peter Haggett

Geography prepares for the world of work - geographers, with their skills of analysis are highly employable! — Michael Palin

The United States and Canada are a triumph of geography over history. — Tim Marshall

Why are there no great women artists?' sounds as ignorant of human geography as the query 'Why are there no Eskimo tennis teams? — Francine du Plessix Gray

I didn't see many female politicians on TV. I didn't see women in history textbooks, so I did geography, and art and English literature. But I know I must have been affected by not seeing women represented. — Emma Watson

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