文化有根 創意是伴 Bridging Creativity
元月初五,“路頭神”是吳地所信奉的一位財神。俗以是日為他的生日,祭曬迎接,頗為壯觀。
“路頭”又稱“五路神”。據說元末有一何五路,為抵禦外寇而死,人們因此祀他為神,名“五路神”。但此“五路神”似乎與作為財神的“路頭五路神”無涉。或又以“五路神”實為“五聖神”,或曰“五通神”,在康熙年間湯斌毀禁上方山五通寺以後,民間不敢祀“五通神”,故改其名為“路頭”而祀之。一般以此“路頭”為古五祀中的“行神”,所謂五路乃東西南北中也;財貨無不憑路而行,故人們以行神為財神,謹加祭祀,冀求它引財入門,或出行獲利。古人外出行旅,祭祀路神以求平安,此為“祖道”之俗;吳俗接路頭,祭祀的也是路神,而這路神變成財神,是因商業的發展,財貨流通的加劇。財貨往來於陸水之間,人們直觀地認為,路在冥冥之中主宰了財貨。
俗以為接路頭,越早越好,最早接到的才是真神,特別靈驗,因此叫“搶路頭”。有的地方,真的在元日初四便“匆匆搶路頭”了,且相沿成俗。既然路神已不再是行旅的保護者,人們便不再在赴旅時祭祀它了。
至於人們在元月初五祭拜路頭神,並以此日為其生日,乃五路神中之“五”與初五之“五”牽連之故。北方於此日祭“五窮”也是一樣。在正月而非其他月,乃取新年新氣象,圖一年吉利,財源茂盛,東西南北中,財富五路並進。
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