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Your shorts are how short?!
Nadia Arandjelovic·Your shorts are how short?!
Who wears short shorts? In this publicity photo Constable Robert Wooley measured the length of actress Eunice Gayson's shorts, but people seen dressed inappropriately in the 50s and 60s were handed notices called 'Green Tickets'.
From the Island’s first green buses to a notice handed out to scantily clad women here on spring break Horst Augustinovic’s latest book is filled with quirky facts.
‘What you may not know about Bermuda’ will be officially launched at the Bookmart at Brown & Co on Saturday from 11am to 3pm.
The 111-page book is a collection of unusual and less widely known bits of information on Bermuda.
For instance, did you know that police used to measure women’s skirts and shorts and hand out ‘green tickets’ to anyone considered improperly dressed in the 1950s and 60s? Or that the Island’s only papal visit was by Pope Paul VI? He stopped on our shores briefly following a trip to Bogota, Colombia in 1968.
Other interesting facts detailed in the book are that per mile, the Bermuda Railway was the most expensive railway ever built, at a cost of £200,000 in 1926; the first person to see Bermuda from the air was Governor General Sir James Willcocks in May 1919.
Mr Augustinovic said the book came after more than 40 years of in-depth research about the Island. He would stumble on one piece of information that would lead him to another detail. The effort became almost like a putting together a “little puzzle”, he said.
Born in Vienna, Austria, the graphic designer took up a job in the commercial printing division of The Bermuda Press in 1961.
He started collecting Bermudiana, local stamps, postcards, books and other historical items on the Island.
“I was a stamp collector even then [in Vienna] and that is why I started in Bermuda,” he explained.
Shortly after, he made the switch to researching the Island’s postal past. He said due to the Island’s geography it had a “tremendous history” for early sea mail as everything had to come by boat.
“They were just very interesting times,” Mr Augustinovic explained. “And when I was here in the 60s, Bermuda was still very important strategically with the American base and they did all the anti-submarine warfare from here, so it’s always been a very interesting place for me.”
The book includes a fair number of facts on postal history, such as details on the censorship of mail in Bermuda during the First World War. In January 1940, 112 bags of mail were taken from a Pan American Airways flying boat. They included securities and large money transfers and even packages of diamonds.
The Island’s Crystal Caves were also the site of a high-grossing silent film ‘Neptune’s Daughter’, produced by Universal Studios in 1914.
In 2008, Mr Augustinovic began writing historical columns for the publication ‘This Week in Bermuda’. After producing more than 50 articles he came to a crossroad.
At that time most of his articles were just reaching the tourist population and he wanted to create something that would be read by locals as well.
“I came to the point where I thought, ‘Have I written enough or should I carry on?’”, he said. “I realised it was enough to actually create a fairly decent book.”
Mr Augustinovic was involved in every process of the book, including the cover design. He said he wanted the front cover to stand out among other local history books on the shelf.
“Usually a Bermuda history book will have Bermuda illustrations in the background, but I wanted to do something different,” he said.
“Although it’s colour, which is expensive to print, I didn’t want it to be just a coffee-table book, I really wanted it to be read by people.”
Mr Augustinovic said he hoped the book would be a useful resource in teaching Bermudians about their history,
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三、物理主義的迷思：當科學被誤當成元遊戲
物理主義（或科學唯物主義）主張：所有存在皆可還原為物理事實；所有真實都得以物質運動來解釋。這看似合理、甚至帶有時代的科學自信，然而其問題在於它不僅僅是在講述「物理學的成功」，而是企圖將物理學的語言遊戲視為所有語言遊戲的最高審判者。
在這思維下：
這些還原論的描述確實提供某種有用的視角，但它們只抓住現象的一個面向。愛情當然包含激素，痛苦當然涉及神經反應；然而，
人類生活中真正重要的那些層面——意義、價值、情感、創造、倫理——在其自身遊戲中具有不可還原的深度。
沒有人因為了解催產素的分子結構就真的理解「愛」。
沒有人因為知道疼痛訊號的傳導路徑就真正理解「苦」。
沒有人因為熟悉演化心理學的模型就能為道德辯護。
物理主義忽略的是：
生活世界本身就是人類建構多重實在、參與多重遊戲、賦予多重意義的源泉。
將所有真實壓扁成物理層面，不僅無法解釋文學、倫理、美學的價值，更會讓我們對自己的存在失去尊重。
四、貧瘠化的危機：當多元真實被單一尺度壟斷
文化貧瘠化（cultural impoverishment）是當代人類社會正在面臨的隱性危機之一。當單一標準被誤認為終極權威時，不僅思想變得扁平，生活也失去層次。
如果藝術被說成「不過是」情緒調節；
如果道德被說成「不過是」群體策略；
如果情感被說成「不過是」化學訊號；
如果歷史被說成「不過是」認知偏差的堆疊；
那麼人類的經驗就會被拆解到只剩冰冷的碎片。
但事實上，我們之所以是「人」，正是因為我們能在不同遊戲之間穿梭：
能在科學中追求可驗證的準確性，
能在文學中尋求生活的隱喻，
能在倫理中思考善的可能性，
能在藝術中探索存在的深度。
每一種遊戲都是人類生活不可替代的面向，每一種「真實」都以其方式維繫著我們的文化尊嚴。
五、多元真實的世界：一種更成熟的文化態度
真正成熟的文化態度不是否定科學的價值，而是拒絕讓科學霸佔所有價值；不是貶低物理學，而是不將物理學誤判為哲學、文學、藝術、倫理的裁判官。
科學向我們揭示自然，
文學揭示人性，
倫理揭示善，
歷史揭示我們如何成為我們，
藝術揭示感知與想像的可能。
這些領域的真實互不敵對，而是構成人類文化的共同面貌。
當我們承認不同遊戲各有其真實，承認世界本質上是多元而不是單一的，我們才能真正理解：
人類文明從來不是一條單線，而是一座交織著科學、藝術、道德與想像的巨大森林。
在這座森林裡，沒有任何一棵樹可以聲稱自己是全部；但每一棵樹，都以自己的方式使森林豐富而壯麗。
on Thursday
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[愛墾研創·嫣然] 多重真實的世界：從語言遊戲到文化尊嚴的哲學思考
在當代公共討論中，「真實究竟是什麼？」仍是一個反覆浮現、卻不斷被誤解的問題。人們往往假設真實是一個靜態的、唯一的、等待我們去「發現」的客觀實體；彷彿宇宙中只有一把標準尺子，能衡量所有學問、所有經驗、所有價值。然而，維根斯坦（Ludwig Wittgenstein）的語言哲學告訴我們，這種假設本身就是一種迷思。語言並非鏡像現實，而是嵌入在各自的生活形式之中運作；每一種語言活動都如同一套遊戲，有其獨特的規則、操作方式與勝負標準。
這意味著：
不同領域以各自的規則建構自己的「真實」。真實不是單一的，而是多元的、實踐性的，是在遊戲規則中生成的成就。
一、科學、歷史、文學、倫理：不同遊戲，不同真實
以科學為例，「物理學遊戲」的規則包括觀察、實驗、數學建模與可重複驗證。物理學所追求的真實，是理論與實驗之間的精準吻合；若能成功預測自然現象，即算是「贏得了真實」。但這套勝負準則顯然無法用來判斷一首詩、一部小說或一個道德判斷。
「歷史學遊戲」講求的是真實的合理敘述，是以史料證據、文本考據與脈絡理解建立一套最具說服力的過去敘事。歷史學的勝負不看「重現實驗」，而看證據鏈條與解釋力。
「文學遊戲」則完全不同。其規則是象徵、隱喻、敘事節奏與情感共鳴。文學的真實不在於量測，而在於揭示人性、觸動思緒、讓語言閃光。詩句的美感與洞察，能夠以另一種形式逼近生命的真相。
至於「倫理學遊戲」，追求的是行動的正當性與道德的普遍可辯護性。真實不在於物質結構，而在於論證的嚴謹性、對人類福祉的洞察，以及對「善」的持續追求。
換言之，真實不是物體，而是一種在人類生活形式中被創造、被檢驗、被實踐的結果。
因此，問一首詩的分子結構，問一段歷史的重力常數，問一個道德判斷在哪個實驗室可以觀察，都屬於範疇錯誤。這些問題之所以荒謬，不是因為缺少科學精神，而是因為錯置了「遊戲規則」。
二、從維根斯坦到孔恩：不可通約性的世界
湯瑪斯．孔恩（Thomas Kuhn）提出的「不可通約性」概念與維根斯坦的語言遊戲高度契合。孔恩指出，不同科學範式之間，往往沒有一套共同尺度能直接比較。這觀點若擴展至整個文化領域，就能更深刻理解：
人類的多種知識活動，並不存在一套可以一統天下的終極評判準則。
下棋的規則不能拿來評斷足球，也如同科學的方法不能用來裁決詩歌的價值。
如果國際象棋協會宣布，全世界所有運動的勝負都必須以「能否將軍」來決定——這是何等荒謬。同樣地，若我們以單一知識領域（尤其是物理學）為一切領域的最終裁判，那麼對文化世界的理解就會陷入偏狹甚至扭曲。(下續)
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